5 Questions
Explain the process of seed formation and development.
Seeds are formed through the process of arrested development, where male gametophytes develop inside the sporophyte plant and are dispersed in a dormant state until they reach a female gametophyte for fertilization. After fertilization, the zygote develops into an embryo with root/shoot axis, apical meristems, and cotyledons. The development of the embryo in seeds ceases, with no cell division or differentiation, but metabolic rate drops and tolerance to extreme conditions increases.
How are seeds provisioned with nutrients?
Seeds are provisioned with nutrients that supply energy for cellular respiration and materials for plant cell construction. These nutrients can be stored in the female gametophyte, the embryo's cotyledons, or the endosperm tissue found in angiosperms. Nutrients are supplied by the parent plant via phloem tissue, which is connected to each seed through vascular traces.
What is the role of the seed coat in seed development?
The seed coat, which develops from the integuments of the parent plant's sporophyte tissues, packages the embryo and stored food inside the seed. It provides protection and helps in seed dispersal.
Why is seed development crucial for the survival and growth of plants?
Seed development allows plants to produce structures that can obtain matter and energy on their own. It provides a means for plants to reproduce and establish new individuals. Seeds also have adaptations that enable them to survive harsh conditions and disperse to new locations.
How do the provisioning and packaging of seeds vary between different plant species?
The specific provisioning and packaging of seeds can vary between different plant species. Some plants store nutrients in the female gametophyte, while others rely on the embryo's cotyledons or endosperm tissue. The structure and composition of the seed coat can also differ, affecting seed protection and dispersal mechanisms.
Study Notes
Development and Provisioning of Seeds
- Seeds are formed through the process of arrested development, which is essential for their development.
- Male gametophytes develop inside the sporophyte plant and are dispersed in a dormant state until they reach a female gametophyte for fertilization.
- After fertilization, the zygote quickly develops into an embryo with root/shoot axis, apical meristems, and cotyledons.
- The development of the embryo in seeds ceases, with no cell division or differentiation, but metabolic rate drops and tolerance to extreme conditions increases.
- Seeds are provisioned with nutrients that supply energy for cellular respiration and materials for plant cell construction.
- Materials can be stored in the female gametophyte, the embryo's cotyledons, or the endosperm tissue found in angiosperms.
- Nutrients in seeds are supplied by the parent plant via phloem tissue, which is connected to each seed through vascular traces.
- Seeds are packaged with an embryo and stored food inside a seed coat, which develops from the integuments of the parent plant's sporophyte tissues.
- The development of a seed involves the development of the zygote into an embryo, the transformation of the ovule's sporophyte tissues into a seed coat, and the development of nutritive tissue.
- The nutritive tissue in seeds proliferates and expands to supply materials to the seed after dispersal.
- The development of seeds is crucial for the survival and growth of plants, as it allows them to produce structures that can obtain matter and energy on their own.
- The specific provisioning and packaging of seeds vary between different plant species.
Test your knowledge on the development and provisioning of seeds with this quiz. Learn about the process of seed formation, the role of nutrients and storage, and the importance of seed development for plant survival. Discover how different plant species vary in their seed provisioning and packaging.
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