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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of certified seeds?
Crop rotation helps prevent the depletion of certain nutrients in the soil.
True
What germination rate must certified seeds have at a minimum?
85%
Leaf Blotch is a _______ disease spread by rain.
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Match the following diseases to their descriptions:
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What is a primary characteristic of translocated herbicides?
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Herbicides are used to kill pests, diseases, and weeds.
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The two main forms of pesticides are solid, liquid, or _______ form.
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Study Notes
Seed Certification in Ireland
- The Department of Agriculture, Food, and the Marine (DAFM) is responsible for seed certification in Ireland.
- Most crops are involved in seed certification.
- Certified seeds must meet specific standards:
- Minimum 85% germination rate
- 98% purity rate
- Treated with fungicide/pesticide
- Advantages of certified seeds:
- Guaranteed high germination rate
- Increased profits
- Reduced qualitative issues
Winter Sowing
- Winter sowing benefits farmers engaged in mixed farming (livestock & tillage).
- Work can be spread out throughout the year.
- Increased profits due to a longer growing season.
Crop Rotation
- A system where different crop families are grown in a defined sequence.
- Prevents the build-up of pests in a crop over time.
- Prevents soil depletion of certain nutrients.
- Maintains soil structure.
Nutrient Management
- Different crops absorb different nutrients.
- Leaving a crop in the same field yearly depletes nutrients.
- Rotating crops allows for nutrient replenishment.
Common Pests, Weeds, and Diseases
- Leaf Blotch: A fungal disease spread by rain.
- Powdery Mildew: A fungal disease that turns the underside of leaves yellow.
- Leaf Rust: A fungal disease that causes premature leaf death.
- Barley Dwarf Virus (BYDV): A viral disease transmitted by aphids.
- Leatherjackets: Crane fly larvae that feed on crops, reducing yield.
- Wireworms: Click beetle larvae that hatch and feed on crops.
Direct Control
- The use of chemicals to control or eradicate pests, diseases, and weeds.
- Three main types of chemicals:
- Herbicide: Kills plants or inhibits their growth.
- Fungicide: Kills or inhibits the growth of fungi.
- Pesticide: Kills pests.
Modes of Action
- Contact Herbicide: Affects plants only upon direct contact. Diligent spraying is crucial.
- Translocated Herbicide: Absorbed by roots and transported to stems, leaves, and flowers. Very effective.
- Contact Fungicide: Affects fungi only upon direct contact.
- Systemic Fungicide: Similar to translocated herbicide.
-
Pesticides: Come in solid, liquid, or gaseous forms. Work by ingestion by the pest.
- Bait is used to kill rats, slugs, etc.
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Description
This quiz explores important topics related to seed certification, winter sowing, crop rotation, and nutrient management in Ireland. Understand the standards for certified seeds and the benefits of various farming practices. Test your knowledge on how these practices affect agricultural productivity and sustainability.
