Podcast
Questions and Answers
What happens to larger particles in a centrifuge compared to smaller ones?
What happens to larger particles in a centrifuge compared to smaller ones?
- They pass through with the clarified liquid.
- They have lower settling velocities.
- They remain suspended in the liquid.
- They accumulate at the outer edge of the bowl. (correct)
Which statement best describes the inside structure of a disc stack centrifuge?
Which statement best describes the inside structure of a disc stack centrifuge?
- It contains closely spaced disks shaped like cones. (correct)
- It operates without any central rotation axis.
- It has a singular, flat base for solid accumulation.
- It is a vertical cylinder with no internal components.
What is a feature of nozzle discharge centrifuges?
What is a feature of nozzle discharge centrifuges?
- They only have one nozzle for liquid discharge.
- They can only be used for solid materials with less than 10% content.
- They enable continuous discharge of solids and liquid. (correct)
- They require manual operation to remove solids.
In which industries are centrifuges commonly used?
In which industries are centrifuges commonly used?
What modification allows for controlled discharge of solids in a centrifuge?
What modification allows for controlled discharge of solids in a centrifuge?
What is the primary mechanism of sedimentation?
What is the primary mechanism of sedimentation?
Which separation process is used to separate immiscible liquids and solids from liquids?
Which separation process is used to separate immiscible liquids and solids from liquids?
What type of product is typically obtained through centrifugation?
What type of product is typically obtained through centrifugation?
What is a key characteristic of a tubular bowl centrifuge?
What is a key characteristic of a tubular bowl centrifuge?
What determines the separation of immiscible liquids in centrifugation?
What determines the separation of immiscible liquids in centrifugation?
Which operation is typically more expensive in terms of equipment cost?
Which operation is typically more expensive in terms of equipment cost?
What is the main application of centrifugation in the dairy industry?
What is the main application of centrifugation in the dairy industry?
In what scenario would centrifugation be preferred over filtration?
In what scenario would centrifugation be preferred over filtration?
What is the primary role of the liquid in solid-liquid extraction?
What is the primary role of the liquid in solid-liquid extraction?
Which factor does NOT control the operation of liquid-liquid extraction?
Which factor does NOT control the operation of liquid-liquid extraction?
What is the main product obtained when sugar is extracted from sugar beet?
What is the main product obtained when sugar is extracted from sugar beet?
In liquid-liquid extraction, what is necessary for the liquids being separated?
In liquid-liquid extraction, what is necessary for the liquids being separated?
What medium is typically used to extract oil from natural products in a lab-scale liquid-liquid extraction process?
What medium is typically used to extract oil from natural products in a lab-scale liquid-liquid extraction process?
Why are sugar beets cut into slices during the extraction process?
Why are sugar beets cut into slices during the extraction process?
After extracting oil using hexane, what is the next step before reusing the solvent?
After extracting oil using hexane, what is the next step before reusing the solvent?
Which of the following is an example of solid-liquid extraction?
Which of the following is an example of solid-liquid extraction?
Flashcards
Sedimentation
Sedimentation
The process where denser solids settle out of a suspension due to gravity.
Centrifugation
Centrifugation
A process that uses centrifugal force to separate substances in a liquid.
Sedimentation vs. Centrifugation
Sedimentation vs. Centrifugation
Sedimentation uses gravity, while centrifugation uses centrifugal force to separate mixtures.
Immiscible Liquids
Immiscible Liquids
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Centrifugal Force
Centrifugal Force
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Tubular Bowl Centrifuge
Tubular Bowl Centrifuge
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Food Industry Use of Centrifugation
Food Industry Use of Centrifugation
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Particle size relation to filtration and centrifugation
Particle size relation to filtration and centrifugation
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Solid loss in centrifuged effluent
Solid loss in centrifuged effluent
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Disc Stack Centrifuge
Disc Stack Centrifuge
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Centrifugation
Centrifugation
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Continuous Centrifuge
Continuous Centrifuge
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Nozzle Discharge Centrifuge
Nozzle Discharge Centrifuge
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Solids Settling Velocity
Solids Settling Velocity
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Slurry Composition
Slurry Composition
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Self Opening Centrifuge
Self Opening Centrifuge
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Extraction
Extraction
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Solid-Liquid Extraction
Solid-Liquid Extraction
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Liquid-Liquid Extraction
Liquid-Liquid Extraction
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Immiscible liquids
Immiscible liquids
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Solvent Extraction
Solvent Extraction
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Edible oil extraction
Edible oil extraction
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Sugar Extraction from Sugar Beet
Sugar Extraction from Sugar Beet
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Study Notes
Sedimentation
- Solids in a suspension settle due to gravity.
- Used in food processing to separate dirt, crystals, and/or dust from raw materials.
Centrifugation
- Accelerates settling with a centrifugal field.
- Separates immiscible liquids based on density differences.
- Separates solids from liquids by moving solids to the bowl wall.
- More effective for particles than sedimentation.
Sedimentation vs. Centrifugation Comparison
| Feature | Sedimentation | Centrifugation |
|---|---|---|
| Separation Principal | Gravity | Centrifugal force |
| Employment | Dilute suspensions of large, rigid solids | When filtration is ineffective, or in more concentrated suspensions |
| Product Obtained | Dry cake | Paste or concentrated suspension |
| Expense of Equipment | Less | More |
| Particle Size | Large particles | Wide range |
| Removal of Insolubles | Dilute, large, and rigid insolubles | Effective across a broader range of particle sizes |
Centrifugation Application
- Immiscible liquids: Separates liquids of different densities. Example: separating milk into skim milk and cream.
- Solids from liquids: Separates solids from liquids. Example: Fruit juice processing, clarifying cider, sugar syrups
Tubular Bowl Centrifuge
- Tall, narrow bowl rotating vertically.
- Suspension fed at the bottom; clarified liquid removed from the top.
- Suitable for feeds up to 2% solid content.
- Solids collected as a paste.
- Intermittent operation.
Disc Stack Centrifuge
- Short, wide bowl with closely spaced cones (disks).
- Feed enters at the bottom, flows upward past disks.
- Larger particles settle more easily.
- Solids accumulate at the outer edge of the bowl.
- Soluble material passes through.
Continuous Centrifugation
- Nozzle discharge centrifuges allow for continuous operation.
- Continuous discharge of solids (sludge) and clear liquid.
- Used in various industries including brewing, wine making, and edible oil refining.
- Can handle slurries up to 25% solids content.
- Modifications include self-opening centrifuges for controlled nozzle openings. (e.g., based on solids buildup)
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Description
Explore the concepts of sedimentation and centrifugation, including their principles, applications, and comparisons. This quiz highlights the differences between these two methods of separation, focusing on efficiency, equipment expense, and particle size. Test your knowledge on their uses in various industries.
