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What is the unit of sedimentation coefficient, S?
Centrifugal acceleration is directly proportional to the radius of rotation.
True
What is the purpose of centrifugation in cell biology?
To separate, analyze, and purify subcellular organelles, macromolecules, and other particles
Centrifugal force is equal to _______________________.
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Match the following cell fractionation methods with their descriptions:
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What is one of the uses of centrifugation in daily life?
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Centrifugal acceleration is inversely proportional to the angular velocity.
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What is the purpose of cell fractionation?
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The formula for centrifugal acceleration is _______________________.
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Match the following processes with their corresponding discoveries using cell fractionation:
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Study Notes
Centrifugation
- Centrifugal acceleration is calculated by the formula: rω²
- ω represents the angular velocity in rad/s
- r represents the radius of rotation
- Centrifugal force is calculated by the formula: mrω²
- m represents the mass of the particle
- The sedimentation coefficient (S) is the ratio of velocity to centrifugal acceleration, measured in seconds
- 1 Svedberg unit (1S) is equal to 10⁻¹³ seconds
Applications of Centrifugation
- Separation of two miscible substances
- Analysis of hydrodynamic properties of macromolecules
- Purification of mammalian cells
- Fractionation of sub-cellular organelles (including membranes and membrane fractions)
- Fractionation of membrane vesicles
- Separation of impurities from water
- Removal of fat from milk to produce skimmed milk
- Separation of particles from an air-flow using cyclonic separation
- Clarification and stabilization of wine
- Separation of urine components and blood components in forensic and research laboratories
- Aids in separation of proteins using purification techniques such as salting out (e.g., ammonium sulfate precipitation)
Cell Fractionation
- Involves the isolation of specific organelles from a cell (e.g., mitochondria or chloroplasts)
- Steps involved in cell fractionation:
- Homogenization
- Differential centrifugation
- What we've learned from cell fractionation:
- Mechanism of protein synthesis
- DNA replication and transcription
- RNA splicing
- Muscle contraction
- Microtubule assembly
- Vesicular transport in the secretory pathway
- Importance of mitochondria and chloroplasts in energy interconversions
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of centrifugation, including centrifugal acceleration, force, and sedimentation coefficients. It also touches on the separation of miscible substances and analysis of hydrates.
