Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which is a true statement about sedatives and hypnotics?
Which is a true statement about sedatives and hypnotics?
- The two terms mean the same thing.
- Compared with sedatives, hypnotics have a less potent effect on the central nervous system.
- Low doses of sedatives will cause sleep.
- A hypnotic causes sleep. (correct)
A patient who has been taking phenobarbital for 2 weeks as part of therapy for epilepsy reports feeling tense and that the 'least little thing' is a bother now. What is the nurse's best explanation to the patient?
A patient who has been taking phenobarbital for 2 weeks as part of therapy for epilepsy reports feeling tense and that the 'least little thing' is a bother now. What is the nurse's best explanation to the patient?
- The drug should be stopped immediately because of possible adverse effects.
- This drug causes the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep period to increase resulting in nightmares and restlessness.
- This drug causes deprivation of REM sleep and may cause the patient's inability to deal with normal stress. (correct)
- These adverse effects will often subside after a few weeks.
A 50-year-old male who has been taking a benzodiazepine for 1 week is found unresponsive. His wife states that he takes no other prescription drugs and that he did not take an overdose—the correct number of pills is in the bottle. What might have happened?
A 50-year-old male who has been taking a benzodiazepine for 1 week is found unresponsive. His wife states that he takes no other prescription drugs and that he did not take an overdose—the correct number of pills is in the bottle. What might have happened?
- He developed an allergy to the drug.
- He took a dose of Aspirin.
- He took a multivitamin.
- He drank a glass of wine. (correct)
A patient has been taking temazepam (Restoril®) for intermittent insomnia. She tells the nurse that when she takes it, she sleeps well, but the next day she feels 'so tired.' What is the nurse's best explanation to the patient?
A patient has been taking temazepam (Restoril®) for intermittent insomnia. She tells the nurse that when she takes it, she sleeps well, but the next day she feels 'so tired.' What is the nurse's best explanation to the patient?
A patient who is recovering from a minor automobile accident that occurred 1 week ago is taking cyclobenzaprine (Novo-Cycloprine®) for muscular pain and goes to physical therapy three times a week. Which nursing diagnosis would be appropriate for him?
A patient who is recovering from a minor automobile accident that occurred 1 week ago is taking cyclobenzaprine (Novo-Cycloprine®) for muscular pain and goes to physical therapy three times a week. Which nursing diagnosis would be appropriate for him?
A patient complains that she has difficulty sleeping without taking her medication. What measures are appropriate for this patient?
A patient complains that she has difficulty sleeping without taking her medication. What measures are appropriate for this patient?
Which is the best treatment of an acute overdose of diazepam?
Which is the best treatment of an acute overdose of diazepam?
A 45-year-old female has been taking dantrolene as part of the treatment for multiple sclerosis. Which laboratory value should the nurse monitor while the patient receives dantrolene?
A 45-year-old female has been taking dantrolene as part of the treatment for multiple sclerosis. Which laboratory value should the nurse monitor while the patient receives dantrolene?
What is an adverse effect of barbiturate administration?
What is an adverse effect of barbiturate administration?
Which natural health product is used by some people to promote sleep and to relieve anxiety and restlessness?
Which natural health product is used by some people to promote sleep and to relieve anxiety and restlessness?
The nurse is preparing to administer a barbiturate. Which condition(s) or disorder(s) are contraindications to the use of these drugs? (Select all that apply.)
The nurse is preparing to administer a barbiturate. Which condition(s) or disorder(s) are contraindications to the use of these drugs? (Select all that apply.)
Flashcards
Hypnotic
Hypnotic
A drug that causes sleep.
Sedative
Sedative
Reduces nervousness, excitability, and irritability without causing sleep.
Barbiturates & REM Sleep
Barbiturates & REM Sleep
Barbiturates can deprive people of REM sleep, leading to agitation and difficulty handling stress.
REM Rebound
REM Rebound
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Benzodiazepines + CNS Depressants
Benzodiazepines + CNS Depressants
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Benzodiazepines & Hangover Effect
Benzodiazepines & Hangover Effect
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Musculoskeletal Relaxants: Side Effects
Musculoskeletal Relaxants: Side Effects
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Non-Pharmacological Sleep Aid
Non-Pharmacological Sleep Aid
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Flumazenil
Flumazenil
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Dantrolene & Liver Function
Dantrolene & Liver Function
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Barbiturates: Adverse Effect
Barbiturates: Adverse Effect
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Kava
Kava
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Barbiturates: Contraindications
Barbiturates: Contraindications
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Sedative Definition
Sedative Definition
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Hyponotic Definition
Hyponotic Definition
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Phenobarbital effect on REM sleep.
Phenobarbital effect on REM sleep.
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Benzodiazepines: Drug Interactions
Benzodiazepines: Drug Interactions
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Temazepam side effects
Temazepam side effects
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Cyclobenzaprine (Novo-Cycloprine) Side effects
Cyclobenzaprine (Novo-Cycloprine) Side effects
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What is the most appropriate measure to promote sleep
What is the most appropriate measure to promote sleep
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Acute overdose of diazepam Treatment
Acute overdose of diazepam Treatment
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Dantrolene lab value to monitor
Dantrolene lab value to monitor
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Adverse effect of barbiturate
Adverse effect of barbiturate
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Natural health product used to promote sleep.
Natural health product used to promote sleep.
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Contraindications to the use of barbiturates
Contraindications to the use of barbiturates
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Study Notes
- A sedative reduces nervousness, excitability, and irritability without causing sleep.
- A hypnotic causes sleep.
Phenobarbital
- Feeling tense and that the "least little thing" is a bother can occur with phenobarbital use.
- Barbiturates deprive one of REM sleep, which can result in agitation and an inability to deal with normal stress.
- When the drug is stopped, a rebound phenomenon occurs, and the proportion of REM sleep increases, sometimes resulting in nightmares.
Benzodiazepines
- Significant drug interactions can occur with benzodiazepines, particularly when they involve other central nervous system (CNS) depressants such as alcohol, opioids, or muscle relaxants.
- Benzodiazepines suppress rapid eye movement (REM) sleep to a degree, though not as much as barbiturates, and can result in a hangover effect.
Temazepam (Restoril)
- A patient taking temazepam for intermittent insomnia may sleep well but feel tired the next day.
Cyclobenzaprine (Novo-Cycloprine)
- Lightheadedness, dizziness, drowsiness, and fatigue can occur, thus putting the patient at risk for falls.
- Take measures to minimize self-injury and falls from decreased sensorium.
Insomnia
- Nonpharmacological approaches to induce sleep include establishing set sleep patterns.
- Avoid heavy exercise before bedtime and heavy meals late in the evening.
- Drink warm decaffeinated drinks, such as warm milk, before bedtime.
Diazepam
- Flumazenil, a benzodiazepine antidote, can acutely reverse the sedative effects of benzodiazepines.
- Flumazenil antagonizes the action of benzodiazepines on the CNS by directly competing with them for binding at the receptors.
- It is typically used in cases of oral overdose or excessive intravenous sedation.
Dantrolene
- Dantrolene can cause liver damage and requires liver function tests during therapy.
Barbiturates
- An adverse effect of barbiturate use is thrombocytopenia.
- Other effects include hypotension, vasodilation, drowsiness, and lethargy.
- Contraindications include pregnancy, significant respiratory difficulties, and severe liver disease.
- Coadministration of barbiturates with alcohol, opioids, benzodiazepines, and some medications from other drug groups can result in additive CNS depression.
Kava
- Kava may be used to promote sleep and for relief of anxiety and restlessness.
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Description
Overview of sedatives and hypnotics, including phenobarbital, benzodiazepines like Temazepam, and Cyclobenzaprine. Discusses their effects on sleep, potential side effects, and drug interactions. Focuses on REM sleep suppression and rebound phenomena.
