Podcast
Questions and Answers
What percentage of the Commissioners were sectoral representatives?
What percentage of the Commissioners were sectoral representatives?
- 56.25%
- 72.91%
- 62.5% (correct)
- 41.67%
Which age group had the highest number of Commissioners?
Which age group had the highest number of Commissioners?
- Fifties (50s)
- Seventies (70s and above) (correct)
- Forties (40s)
- Sixties (60s)
How many Commissioners held elective offices prior to their appointments to the ConCom?
How many Commissioners held elective offices prior to their appointments to the ConCom?
- 30
- 20 (correct)
- 15
- 25
What geographic area had the most delegates in the Commission?
What geographic area had the most delegates in the Commission?
Which of the following groups represents the most delegates according to sector?
Which of the following groups represents the most delegates according to sector?
What was the average age of the Commissioners?
What was the average age of the Commissioners?
How many Commissioners were delegates to the 1971 ConCon?
How many Commissioners were delegates to the 1971 ConCon?
What characteristic of the ConCom's composition was noted as elitist?
What characteristic of the ConCom's composition was noted as elitist?
How many delegates were from Mindanao?
How many delegates were from Mindanao?
What was the main ideological debate during the sessions from June to October 1986?
What was the main ideological debate during the sessions from June to October 1986?
What distinguished the conservative bloc from the nationalist bloc within the Commission?
What distinguished the conservative bloc from the nationalist bloc within the Commission?
What was the proposed percentage of Filipino equity in public utilities by the nationalist bloc?
What was the proposed percentage of Filipino equity in public utilities by the nationalist bloc?
Who was the commissioner that shocked the nationalist bloc by aligning with the conservative majority on equity?
Who was the commissioner that shocked the nationalist bloc by aligning with the conservative majority on equity?
What was the outcome of the vote regarding Filipino equity in public utilities?
What was the outcome of the vote regarding Filipino equity in public utilities?
What motivated the walk-out of five commissioners during the debates?
What motivated the walk-out of five commissioners during the debates?
What action did the five commissioners take after receiving public appeals?
What action did the five commissioners take after receiving public appeals?
Which issue was NOT prominently debated during the sessions?
Which issue was NOT prominently debated during the sessions?
What did the nationalist bloc's position demonstrate about their priorities?
What did the nationalist bloc's position demonstrate about their priorities?
What was a primary concern regarding foreign relations expressed by the people?
What was a primary concern regarding foreign relations expressed by the people?
In which body did the debates mentioned take place?
In which body did the debates mentioned take place?
What role do constitutional conventions ideally serve in a polity?
What role do constitutional conventions ideally serve in a polity?
In the Philippine case of 1986, what influenced the perceptions of the common good among framers?
In the Philippine case of 1986, what influenced the perceptions of the common good among framers?
How did the composition of the 1986 Constitutional Commission affect its output?
How did the composition of the 1986 Constitutional Commission affect its output?
What distinguishes the 1986 Constitutional Commission from previous conventions?
What distinguishes the 1986 Constitutional Commission from previous conventions?
What does it mean when it is said that conventions are 'cauldrons into which social issues are thrust'?
What does it mean when it is said that conventions are 'cauldrons into which social issues are thrust'?
What aspect of the Philippine governance was a point of division among the people?
What aspect of the Philippine governance was a point of division among the people?
What did the framers recognize about their roles during the Commission process?
What did the framers recognize about their roles during the Commission process?
Which concern was expressed regarding education in the discussed reforms?
Which concern was expressed regarding education in the discussed reforms?
What was seen as a significant obstacle in achieving the common good during constitutional deliberations?
What was seen as a significant obstacle in achieving the common good during constitutional deliberations?
Which group was notably successful in persuading Commissioners to maintain English as the medium of instruction?
Which group was notably successful in persuading Commissioners to maintain English as the medium of instruction?
What motivated the five leading members to return to the Commission?
What motivated the five leading members to return to the Commission?
What strategy did gradeschool children employ to influence the Commissioners' vote on nuclear policy?
What strategy did gradeschool children employ to influence the Commissioners' vote on nuclear policy?
Which provision was NOT mentioned as a progressive outcome after the reconciliation?
Which provision was NOT mentioned as a progressive outcome after the reconciliation?
Who was the chief political officer of the US Embassy during the process described?
Who was the chief political officer of the US Embassy during the process described?
What condition did the five members set for their return to the Commission?
What condition did the five members set for their return to the Commission?
What was the outcome of the vote regarding the draft constitution?
What was the outcome of the vote regarding the draft constitution?
Which two prominent members voted 'no' to the draft constitution?
Which two prominent members voted 'no' to the draft constitution?
Which of the following was considered a non-negotiable issue by the conservatives?
Which of the following was considered a non-negotiable issue by the conservatives?
What significant action did former Senator Decoroso Rosales take regarding the final document?
What significant action did former Senator Decoroso Rosales take regarding the final document?
What significant change occurred in the legislature structure preference during the plenary vote?
What significant change occurred in the legislature structure preference during the plenary vote?
Why might there have been long-lasting impacts on the Constitution's drafts?
Why might there have been long-lasting impacts on the Constitution's drafts?
Which of the following was mentioned as being protected during the constitutional process?
Which of the following was mentioned as being protected during the constitutional process?
What was the potential consequence of the plebiscite being defeated?
What was the potential consequence of the plebiscite being defeated?
Which aspect of language policy remained a contentious issue among the conservatives?
Which aspect of language policy remained a contentious issue among the conservatives?
What role did Tañada play in the context discussed?
What role did Tañada play in the context discussed?
Study Notes
Composition of the Constitutional Commission (ConCom)
- Forty-eight members with 62.5% serving as sectoral representatives.
- Represented sectors include religious groups, professionals, youth, women, peasants, the military, and various cultural minorities.
- Average age: 54 years, with 16 members aged 70 and above and one in his twenties.
- 41.67% previously held elective offices; included delegates from the 1971 ConCon and members of the Batasang Pambansa.
Geographic Representation
- Overrepresentation from Tagalog areas with 27 members (56.25%) born there.
- Majority (72.91%) hailing from Luzon; 18.75% from Visayas, and 8.33% from Mindanao.
- ConCom composition deemed elitist across education, profession, gender, age, and geography.
Ideological Dynamics in the ConCom
- Marked ideological debates during the sessions from June to October 1986.
- Main concerns included foreign investment, land reform, labor rights, and nuclear weapons.
- Two primary factions identified: a conservative bloc and a smaller nationalist/progressive bloc.
Key Controversies and Decisions
- Filipinization of industries stirred major conflict; initial proposals sought 100% Filipino equity in public utilities.
- Compromises fluctuated, leading to a proposed 75% and eventually 60% equity for Filipinos, causing significant dissent among nationalist members.
- Five leading nationalist commissioners staged a walk-out but returned after public pressure and calls for reconciliation.
Achievements and Compromises
- The reconciliation facilitated progressive provisions in the new Constitution including:
- Nationalism in education, free high school education, expanded land reform, and labor rights protections.
- Conservative interests safeguarded aspects such as continued US military bases and limitations on land reform policies.
External Influences and Lobbying
- Heavy lobbying from diverse groups, including students advocating for an anti-nuclear stance.
- The presence of the US Embassy's chief political officer during the ConCom sessions, highlighting outside influence.
- Letters and research inputs from citizens abroad influenced deliberations.
Approval Process
- 45 out of 47 commissioners voted in favor of the final draft constitution.
- Notable dissent came from the nationalist bloc, with individuals facing various pressures throughout the convention.
Conclusion
- The 1986 ConCom stood out due to its ideologically charged debates and the ensuing compromises, reflecting societal aspirations and the manipulation of interests within the context of Philippine governance.
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