30 Questions
What are the two main secretions of the alimentary tract?
Gastric juice and pancreatic juice
What are the two main secretions in the alimentary tract?
Digestive enzymes and mucus
Which type of glands respond to irritation of the epithelium by extruding mucus onto the surface?
Goblet cells
Which of the following is NOT one of the primary saliva glands?
Zygomatic gland
What stimulates mucus secretion in the alimentary tract through local epithelium stimulation and tactile stimulation?
Distention of the gut wall
What inhibits the production of HCL?
Somatostatin
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the release of pancreatic enzymes?
CCK
Which type of stimulation greatly increases glandular secretions in the alimentary tract?
Parasympathetic stimulation
How are gastrointestinal hormones classified based on their secretion mechanism?
Endocrine and paracrine
What is the main function of mucus in the alimentary tract?
Protecting the lining of the tract
What is the primary function of enterohepatic circulation?
Recycling bile salts
What cellular process leads to the exocytosis of contents from glandular cells in the alimentary tract?
Calcium entry
What is the main protein found in the serous secretion of saliva?
Ptyalin
Which gland secretes the most saliva and has a secretion that is only serous?
Parotid Gland
Which nerve is responsible for stimulating the Parotid gland?
CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve)
What inhibits saliva secretion according to the text?
Fear
What is the function of lingual lipase in saliva?
Hydrolyzes triglycerides
How is secondary secretion of bicarbonate ions in salivary ducts achieved?
Passive exchange of HCO3- for Cl-
What is the primary function of bile acids in the digestive process?
Emulsify large fat particles for pancreatic lipase enzymes
Which two primary bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver?
Cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid
What stimulates gallbladder contraction and emptying, especially with fatty foods?
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
What happens when food does not contain fat in relation to gallbladder emptying?
Gallbladder doesn't empty at all
How are bile salts formed in hepatocytes from cholesterol?
Cholesterol combines with bile salts and lecithin to form micelles
What contributes to the formation of gallstones under abnormal conditions?
Inflammation of the gallbladder epithelium
Which gastric product is responsible for the anemia in the patient with antibodies directed against gastric parietal cells?
Intrinsic factor
What hormone is most likely secreted by a tumor in a patient presenting with heartburn, weight loss, and increased fasting gastric acid output?
Cholecystokinin
Which of the following fluids has the highest pH level?
Colonic luminal contents
In achlorhydria patients, which nutrient's digestion is most severely impaired?
Protein
After resection of the ileum and part of the jejunum, what condition is likely to develop?
Constipation
Which gastrointestinal hormone is not involved in regulating acid secretion but might contribute to other functions in the digestive system?
Motilin
Test your knowledge on the secretory functions in the alimentary tract including saliva, gastric, pancreatic, liver bile, and intestinal secretions. Identify main secretions, explain mucus functions, understand stimuli for secretion, and learn about hormones like gastrin and secretin.
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