Secondary Active Transport in Kidney Tubules Quiz

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What physical forces affect the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?

Plasma-colloid osmotic pressure, Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure, Glomerular filtration pressure

Plasma-colloid osmotic pressure, Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure, Net filtration pressure

Glomerular capillary plasma pressure, Plasma-colloid osmotic pressure, Glomerular filtration pressure

Plasma-colloid osmotic pressure, Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure, Glomerular capillary plasma pressure (correct)

Why does the tendency for H2O to move by osmosis oppose glomerular filtration?

Due to equal H2O concentration in Bowman's capsule and glomerular capillaries

Due to higher H2O concentration in Bowman's capsule compared to glomerular capillaries (correct)

Due to lower H2O concentration in Bowman's capsule compared to glomerular capillaries

Due to absence of H2O in Bowman's capsule

What is the net filtration pressure in the glomerulus?

10 mm Hg (correct)

5 mm Hg

15 mm Hg

20 mm Hg

Which pressure forces large volumes of fluid from the blood through the glomerular membrane?

Net filtration pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the average Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in females per day?

160 liters Signup and view all the answers

Which physical forces affecting GFR are not subject to regulation under normal conditions?

Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure and Plasma-colloid osmotic pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Na+-K+ pump in the secondary active transport process?

To set up a Na+ gradient Signup and view all the answers

Which segment of the nephron reabsorbs the highest percentage of Na+ ions?

Proximal convoluted tubule Signup and view all the answers

What role does Na+ reabsorption play in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

Critical in producing urine of varying concentrations Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is directly reabsorbed in conjunction with Na+ in the proximal tubule?

Amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of aldosterone on the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct?

Increases Na+ reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

Why is the active Na+-K+ ATPase pump considered essential for Na+ reabsorption?

It is responsible for establishing the Na+ gradient Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism by which kidneys maintain a constant GFR as MAP changes?

Vasoconstriction of afferent arteriole when GFR is high Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for sensing high salt and fluid flow in the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism?

Macula densa Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ATP in the process of active reabsorption in the kidneys?

To facilitate transporting substances from tubular lumen to blood Signup and view all the answers

How much of the glomerular filtrate is typically returned to the blood at a normal GFR of 125 ml/min?

124 ml/min Signup and view all the answers

What happens to excess ions, urea, and toxins in the filtrate during tubular reabsorption?

They become concentrated in the filtrate Signup and view all the answers

What initiates vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole in autoregulation when MAP is high?

Myogenic mechanism Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect on H+ secretion in response to low H+ concentration in the body fluids?

H+ secretion decreases Signup and view all the answers

How does aldosterone impact K+ secretion in the nephron?

Stimulates K+ secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between plasma K+ concentration and aldosterone secretion?

High plasma K+ concentration increases aldosterone secretion Signup and view all the answers

What happens to aldosterone-stimulated renal K+ secretion when plasma K+ concentration declines?

It decreases Signup and view all the answers

How does increased aldosterone secretion affect Na reabsorption and K+ secretion?

Promotes Na reabsorption and stimulates K+ secretion Signup and view all the answers

What determines the rate of any given substance in urine excretion according to the text?

GFR, Reabsorption rate, and Secretion rate Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the granular cells to secrete more renin in response to a fall in NaCl?

Increased sympathetic activity Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone increases Na+ reabsorption by the principal cells of the distal and collecting tubules?

Aldosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Angiotensin II in the context of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System?

Stimulates thirst Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ANP and BNP when released due to mechanical stretching of heart muscle cells?

Regulate ECF volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of tubular secretion in the renal system?

Transport waste from filtrate to blood Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism is extremely important in regulating acid-base balance in the body?

Renal H+ secretion Signup and view all the answers