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Questions and Answers
What physical forces affect the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?
What physical forces affect the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?
- Plasma-colloid osmotic pressure, Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure, Glomerular filtration pressure
- Plasma-colloid osmotic pressure, Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure, Net filtration pressure
- Glomerular capillary plasma pressure, Plasma-colloid osmotic pressure, Glomerular filtration pressure
- Plasma-colloid osmotic pressure, Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure, Glomerular capillary plasma pressure (correct)
Why does the tendency for H2O to move by osmosis oppose glomerular filtration?
Why does the tendency for H2O to move by osmosis oppose glomerular filtration?
- Due to equal H2O concentration in Bowman's capsule and glomerular capillaries
- Due to higher H2O concentration in Bowman's capsule compared to glomerular capillaries (correct)
- Due to lower H2O concentration in Bowman's capsule compared to glomerular capillaries
- Due to absence of H2O in Bowman's capsule
What is the net filtration pressure in the glomerulus?
What is the net filtration pressure in the glomerulus?
- 10 mm Hg (correct)
- 5 mm Hg
- 15 mm Hg
- 20 mm Hg
Which pressure forces large volumes of fluid from the blood through the glomerular membrane?
Which pressure forces large volumes of fluid from the blood through the glomerular membrane?
What is the average Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in females per day?
What is the average Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in females per day?
Which physical forces affecting GFR are not subject to regulation under normal conditions?
Which physical forces affecting GFR are not subject to regulation under normal conditions?
What is the primary function of the Na+-K+ pump in the secondary active transport process?
What is the primary function of the Na+-K+ pump in the secondary active transport process?
Which segment of the nephron reabsorbs the highest percentage of Na+ ions?
Which segment of the nephron reabsorbs the highest percentage of Na+ ions?
What role does Na+ reabsorption play in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
What role does Na+ reabsorption play in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
Which substance is directly reabsorbed in conjunction with Na+ in the proximal tubule?
Which substance is directly reabsorbed in conjunction with Na+ in the proximal tubule?
What is the effect of aldosterone on the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct?
What is the effect of aldosterone on the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct?
Why is the active Na+-K+ ATPase pump considered essential for Na+ reabsorption?
Why is the active Na+-K+ ATPase pump considered essential for Na+ reabsorption?
What is the main mechanism by which kidneys maintain a constant GFR as MAP changes?
What is the main mechanism by which kidneys maintain a constant GFR as MAP changes?
Which structure is responsible for sensing high salt and fluid flow in the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism?
Which structure is responsible for sensing high salt and fluid flow in the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism?
What is the role of ATP in the process of active reabsorption in the kidneys?
What is the role of ATP in the process of active reabsorption in the kidneys?
How much of the glomerular filtrate is typically returned to the blood at a normal GFR of 125 ml/min?
How much of the glomerular filtrate is typically returned to the blood at a normal GFR of 125 ml/min?
What happens to excess ions, urea, and toxins in the filtrate during tubular reabsorption?
What happens to excess ions, urea, and toxins in the filtrate during tubular reabsorption?
What initiates vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole in autoregulation when MAP is high?
What initiates vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole in autoregulation when MAP is high?
What is the effect on H+ secretion in response to low H+ concentration in the body fluids?
What is the effect on H+ secretion in response to low H+ concentration in the body fluids?
How does aldosterone impact K+ secretion in the nephron?
How does aldosterone impact K+ secretion in the nephron?
What is the relationship between plasma K+ concentration and aldosterone secretion?
What is the relationship between plasma K+ concentration and aldosterone secretion?
What happens to aldosterone-stimulated renal K+ secretion when plasma K+ concentration declines?
What happens to aldosterone-stimulated renal K+ secretion when plasma K+ concentration declines?
How does increased aldosterone secretion affect Na reabsorption and K+ secretion?
How does increased aldosterone secretion affect Na reabsorption and K+ secretion?
What determines the rate of any given substance in urine excretion according to the text?
What determines the rate of any given substance in urine excretion according to the text?
What triggers the granular cells to secrete more renin in response to a fall in NaCl?
What triggers the granular cells to secrete more renin in response to a fall in NaCl?
Which hormone increases Na+ reabsorption by the principal cells of the distal and collecting tubules?
Which hormone increases Na+ reabsorption by the principal cells of the distal and collecting tubules?
What is the function of Angiotensin II in the context of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System?
What is the function of Angiotensin II in the context of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System?
What is the main function of ANP and BNP when released due to mechanical stretching of heart muscle cells?
What is the main function of ANP and BNP when released due to mechanical stretching of heart muscle cells?
What is the main purpose of tubular secretion in the renal system?
What is the main purpose of tubular secretion in the renal system?
Which mechanism is extremely important in regulating acid-base balance in the body?
Which mechanism is extremely important in regulating acid-base balance in the body?
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