SDG 11 - 17

• Over 50% of the global population lives in urban areas, with projections reaching 70% by 2050.
• Currently, 1.1 billion people live in slums, and an additional 2 billion are expected in the next 30 years.
• Urban areas face significant challenges, including air pollution, urban sprawl, and a scarcity of open public spaces.
• Only 50% of urban residents had access to public transportation in 2022.
• Disaster risk reduction strategies have doubled since 2015, but many cities remain vulnerable to disasters.

Key Goals of SDG 11 by 2030

• Ensure adequate, safe, and affordable housing for all, including slum upgrading.
• Establish safe and sustainable transport systems, prioritizing vulnerable groups.
• Improve urban planning and management through citizen participation.
• Reduce environmental impact, focusing on air quality and waste management.
• Increase access to public spaces, especially for marginalized groups.

Case Studies of SDG 11

• London implemented congestion tolls to reduce traffic and pollution.
• Cebu City's solar power program reduced carbon emissions by 25%.
• Makati's Green Building Code cut energy use by 30%.

SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production

• High-income countries consume ten times more resources than low-income ones.
• Fossil fuel subsidies doubled from $375 billion in 2020 to $732 billion in 2021.
• 30-40% of food is wasted in some regions; for example, the U.S. sees $161 billion in annual food loss.
• France has banned supermarkets from wasting food, requiring them to donate to charities.
• E-waste is increasing, with inadequate recycling infrastructure.

Key Goals of SDG 12 by 2030

• Reduce material footprint and promote sustainable resource use.
• Halve global food waste from production to consumption.
• Reduce hazardous waste and promote better disposal and recycling practices.
• Encourage companies to adopt sustainable business practices.

Challenges of SDG 12

• Overconsumption and resource inequality persist.
• There is a lack of corporate accountability for pollution and waste.
• Weak policy enforcement is prevalent, especially in developing nations.

SDG 13: Climate Action

• 2023 was the warmest year on record, nearing the 1.5°C limit set by the Paris Agreement.
• Global sea levels are 19 cm higher than in 1901, increasing coastal flood risks.
• Arctic ice is shrinking by 13% per decade and is likely to be ice-free by 2050.
• Global CO₂ emissions reached a record 37.2 billion metric tons in 2023.

Key Goals of SDG 13

• Strengthen climate policies and integrate them into national planning.
• Mobilize $100 billion annually to support developing countries.
• Increase public education on climate change and sustainable living.

Solutions & Progress of SDG 13

• Renewable energy now constitutes 30% of global electricity, with a target of 60% by 2040.
• The Philippines aims for 50% renewable energy by 2040.
• $100 billion has been pledged to help developing countries with climate finance.

Overall Challenges & Recommendations for SDGs 11-13

• Fossil fuel dependency remains a global issue.
• Developing nations struggle with climate resilience.
• Waste and resource mismanagement continue to worsen.

Recommendations for SDGs 11-13

• Governments should strengthen carbon policies and invest in renewables.
• Businesses should reduce waste and transition to green energy.
• Consumers should reduce waste and carbon footprints.
• International organizations should provide financial and technical climate aid.

SDG 14: Life Below Water

• Oceans cover 75% of Earth’s surface, provide resources for 3 billion people, and generate $3 trillion annually.
• Threats to marine life include overfishing, pollution, and ocean acidification caused by carbon absorption.
• Oceans absorb 30% of human-produced CO₂, leading to rising acidity levels.
• 40% of oceans are heavily polluted, affecting marine biodiversity and livelihoods.

Key Goals for SDG 14 by 2030

• Reduce marine pollution, especially plastic waste.
• Regulate and end overfishing, illegal fishing, and destructive fishing practices.
• Conserve at least 10% of coastal and marine areas.
• Support sustainable fishing industries, especially for small island nations.
• Increase scientific research and marine technology for sustainable ocean management.

Current Initiatives & Achievements for SDG 14

• The Global Ocean Alliance aims to protect 30% of the ocean by 2030.
• Plastic bag bans in countries like Kenya and Rwanda have significantly reduced ocean waste.
• Sustainable fisheries in Iceland and the European Union maintain fish stock balance.
• Coral reef restoration projects are underway in Indonesia, the Philippines, and Australia.
• Mangrove conservation in Ecuador and Indonesia enhances carbon storage.

Challenges for SDG 14

• High levels of plastic and chemical waste persist.
• Weak international enforcement of marine protection laws is a problem.
• Climate change causes rising sea temperatures and coral bleaching.

SDG 15: Life on Land

• Forests, mountains, wetlands, and other ecosystems are essential for food security, clean air, and biodiversity.
• Deforestation and land degradation are worsening, with wetlands disappearing three times faster than forests.
• Over 2 billion hectares of land are degraded, affecting food security in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

Key Goals for SDG 15 by 2030

• Halt deforestation and promote reforestation efforts.
• Combat desertification and restore degraded land.
• Conserve mountain ecosystems and protect biodiversity.
• Prevent illegal wildlife trafficking and poaching.
• Strengthen laws to protect indigenous land rights and genetic resources.

Current Initiatives & Achievements for SDG 15

• China and India have led global reforestation efforts, restoring 30 million hectares of land.
• Brazil reduced Amazon deforestation by 62% in 2023 through stricter environmental policies.
• The Great Green Wall project in Africa aims to restore 100 million hectares of land to combat desertification.
• The European Green Deal promotes sustainable land management and biodiversity protection.

Challenges for SDG 15

• Illegal logging and land conversion for agriculture continues.
• Weak enforcement of environmental laws in many regions exists.
• Climate change continues to disrupt ecosystems and habitats.

SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions

• Aims to reduce violence, corruption, and injustice, ensuring equal access to justice.
• Conflicts and political instability are on the rise, with over 70 million people displaced due to war and persecution.
• Corruption and bribery are five times more common in low-income countries.

Key Goals for SDG 16 by 2030

• Reduce homicide rates and conflict-related deaths.
• End human trafficking and child exploitation.
• Strengthen laws to combat corruption and illicit financial flows.
• Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms.
• Provide universal birth registration and legal identity for all.

Current Initiatives & Achievements for SDG 16

• The Freedom of Information (FOI) Program in the Philippines improves transparency.
• Judicial reforms in various countries aim to strengthen justice systems.
• Bribery rates have dropped in Botswana and Singapore due to anti-corruption efforts.

Challenges for SDG 16

• Data gaps hinder progress measurement.
• Political instability and weak law enforcement affect many regions.
• Violence against journalists and human rights defenders is increasing.

SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals

• Aims to strengthen global cooperation to achieve sustainable development.
• Many developing countries face a debt crisis, with 37 of the world’s poorest nations at high risk.

Key Goals for SDG 17 by 2030

• Mobilize financial resources for sustainable development.
• Increase technology transfer and capacity-building for developing countries.
• Promote fair trade and market access for low-income nations.
• Enhance international policy coordination to improve global economic stability.

Current Initiatives & Achievements for SDG 17

• The UN Technology Bank supports digital infrastructure in least developed countries.
• G20 climate finance commitments are helping fund clean energy projects.
• Japan leads in technology transfer, while Germany is a major contributor to international development assistance.

Challenges for SDG 17

• Financial barriers limit sustainability efforts in developing nations.
• Technological inequality restricts access to innovation in poorer regions.
• Unfair trade practices make it harder for low-income countries to compete.

Conclusion for SDGs 14-17

• Significant progress has been made, but challenges remain in enforcement, funding, and global cooperation.
• Future efforts must focus on strengthening policies, investing in sustainable initiatives, and enhancing global partnerships to meet the 2030 targets.