Scramble for Africa and the Berlin Conference

Shonibare's art explores issues like water shortages, climate change, class, race, and exploitation.

The Berlin Conference established the colonial boundaries in Africa, which have hindered independent development.

Inherited political geography creates artificial borders and political structures that complicate genuine self-governance.

<p>The decisions have led to ongoing crises, such as political instability and economic challenges in contemporary Africa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In African Studies, it is widely believed that the crises present today were largely rooted in the outcomes of the Berlin Conference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Repatriation is the process of returning artifacts to their country of origin, which involves issues of cultural and historical identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A national language symbolizes unity and pride, whereas an official language is used in government and administration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>English facilitates administration, supports technological and scientific needs, and serves as an international language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An exoglossic language is not native to a region but holds cultural or political influence; English is an example in Nigeria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adopting an indigenous language promotes national and cultural pride and resonates more with the local population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pidgin English serves as a common medium of communication between speakers of different native languages in Nigeria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'No wahala' translates to 'no problem' in English, illustrating the cultural adaptation of pidgin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is a desire to change the official language to promote cultural identity and reduce the legacy of colonialism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>King Leopold II referred to Africa as a 'magnificent cake,' indicating a view of the continent as something to be divided and exploited by European powers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, and Portugal participated in the Scramble for Africa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cartoon depicts Rhodes with arms outstretched across Africa, symbolizing British dominance and the belief in superiority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Berlin Conference led to the formal division of Africa among European powers without consideration for African rulers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Nibble' refers to the gradual and gentle taking of resources before shifting to more aggressive and widespread exploitation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The phrase suggests a disconnect; colonial powers claimed to care for natives while prioritizing their own economic gain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yinka Shonibare created 'Scramble for Africa,' featuring life-size mannequins dressed in Dutch wax printed cotton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Grab' conveys a sense of force and urgency, highlighting the sudden and ruthless seizure of African territories and resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biafra changed its currency, rendering it worthless, and used propaganda to accuse the federal government of genocide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>While the UK and US remained uninvolved, the USSR supplied military equipment, and China supported Biafra, while humanitarian aid came from the Catholic Church and Red Cross.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biafra officially surrendered in January 1970.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The central demand was &quot;Nigeria for Nigerians.&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The belief that white men could write history better than Africans led to a lack of awareness and understanding regarding these events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Benin bronzes were significant to the Benin Kingdom as they documented its history through visual archives and oral traditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>World War II led to the government taking control of the Nigerian economy, which had negative effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The killing of seven British missionaries and their guides by Benin guards triggered the punitive expedition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nigeria was established as a federation of three main regions: Northern, Western, and Eastern.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The expedition led to the conquest of Benin city and the looting of thousands of artifacts, which were then labeled as 'loot.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alhaji Tafawa Balewa became Nigeria's first Prime Minister in 1957 and was educated in the European style.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Benin bronzes are kept in museums, such as the British Museum, limiting access for many Nigerians.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The discovery of oil in 1956 significantly influenced Nigeria's economic landscape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 'national question' concerned the lack of a unified identity among Nigeria's diverse ethnic groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A 'state' is characterized by a permanent population, defined territory, government, and capacity to enter relations with other states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased regional competition led to instability and tensions, culminating in a civil war from 1960 to 1970.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Berlin Conference aimed to regulate European colonization and trade in Africa by establishing territorial claims.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colonization introduced English as a dominant language due to British political control and the establishment of schools.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Imperialism is the policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization and military force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Civilization' symbolizes the perceived superiority of Western culture used to justify imperialist actions and violence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social civilization refers to the structures and systems of human interaction and community organization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concept of 'sacred' turned the notion of civilization into an unquestionable truth, deeming opposing views as evil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 'Scramble for Africa' implies a frantic and uncoordinated competition among European powers to claim African territories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colonialism often involved the displacement of indigenous authority, replacing it with foreign governance and control.</p> Signup and view all the answers