Scientific Terms in Chemistry

Scientific Terms

• Atom: The first scientific theory about the atom. Everything that has mass and occupies space.
• Matter: Everything that has mass and occupies space.
• Nucleus: Positively charged particles located within the atom's nucleus.
• Chlorophyll: Necessary for greening of plant leaves.
• Nitrogen: Essential for strengthening plant roots.
• Phosphorus: An element necessary for healthy plant growth.
• Nucleus: The space containing protons and neutrons in the atom.
• Subatomic Particles: Particles that include protons, neutrons, and electrons.
• Electron Orbits: Paths where electrons revolve around the nucleus.
• Atomic Number: The number of protons inside the nucleus of an atom.
• Mass Number: The sum of protons and neutrons.
• Isotopes: Different forms of elements having the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
• Fertilizer: A type of fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
• Periodic Table: A table arranging elements ascendingly based on their atomic numbers.
• Periods: Horizontal rows in the modern periodic table.
• Groups: Vertical columns in the modern periodic table.
• Group 1A Metals: Metals in group 1A of the periodic table.
• Group 2A Metals: Metals in group 2A of the periodic table.
• Unpaired Electrons: The number of unpaired electrons in an element's Lewis structure.
• Valence Electrons: The number of electrons lost or gained in forming compounds, found in the outermost shell.
• Outermost Energy Level: The outermost energy level of an atom.
• Elements with 5-7 Valence Electrons: Elements having 5, 6 or 7 electrons in their outermost energy level.
• Melting Point: The temperature where matter changes from solid to liquid.
• Boiling Point: The temperature where matter changes from liquid to gas.
• Compound: Materials composed of two or more different substances combined chemically.
• Mixture: Materials composed of two or more substances that are not chemically combined.
• Semi-metal: A semi-metal used in the manufacture of electronic chips.
• Alloy: An alloy that maintains its strength at high temperatures and used in military aircraft structures.
• Positive Ion: A metal atom that has lost one or more electron.
• Negative Ion: A non-metal atom that has gained one or more electron.
• Covalent Bond: A bond formed between two non-metals by sharing electrons.
• Ionic Bond: A bond from the electrical attraction between positive and negative ions.
• Single Bond: Sharing one pair of electrons.
• Double Bond: Sharing two pairs of electrons.
• Triple Bond: Sharing three pairs of electrons.
• Electrostatic Charge: The accumulated charges on the surfaces of objects when they lose or gain electrons.
• Charging: The process of charging uncharged objects by friction.
• Electrostatic Series: The arrangement of materials according to their electron loss on rubbing.
• Lightning Rod: A system to protect installations and buildings from lightning strikes.
• Electric Field: The region of space around an electric charge where its influence appears without contact.
• Electric Field Lines: Imaginary lines showing the path of a small positive charge in an electric field.
• Electrometer: The instrument used to measure electric charges.
• Coulomb: The measuring unit of electric charges.
• Gravitation: The force that causes all objects to fall towards Earth's center.