Scientific Studies Overview
204 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the best description of a theory in science?

  • A testable statement about how something in nature works
  • A concise statement that is supported by scientific evidence and repeated experiments, describes a widespread pattern in nature
  • A statement that explains a wide range of observations, supported by a large body of scientific evidence (correct)
  • The variable that changes because of an independent variable

    • What is the relationship between the independent and dependent variables in an experiment?

  • The dependent variable is the variable that is kept constant in an experiment.
  • The independent and dependent variables have an inverse relationship.
  • The independent variable is the variable that is changed on purpose in an experiment. (correct)
  • The independent variable is the variable that changes because of the dependent variable.

    • What is the principle of falsification in science?

  • The principle that only statements that can be observed in nature can be subject to scientific inquiry.
  • The principle that only statements that can be modeled mathematically can be subject to scientific inquiry.
  • The principle that only statements that can be proven false can be subject to scientific inquiry. (correct)
  • The principle that only statements that can be proven true can be subject to scientific inquiry.

    • Which of the following is a key characteristic of science?

    <p>Science studies the natural world and uses testable ideas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the independent and dependent variables in a direct relationship?

    <p>Increasing the independent variable increases the dependent variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the measure of the average kinetic energy per particle?

    <p>Thermal energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which celestial body is held together by its own gravity and releases light through nuclear fusion?

    <p>Star</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for rocks formed through heat and pressure causing minerals to change?

    <p>Metamorphic rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is responsible for the transportation or removal of material on Earth's surface?

    <p>Erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In undeformed sedimentary rocks, which principle states that each bed is younger than the one below it?

    <p>Principle of superposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the forces that combine to produce a net force of 0?

    <p>Inertia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction force?

    <p>Newton's Third Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for work done on an object in the direction of the applied force?

    <p>$force \times displacement$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of collision is described as one where the total kinetic energy is conserved?

    <p>Elastic collision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of waves require a medium (such as air, water) to travel through?

    <p>Mechanical waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a physical change and a chemical change?

    <p>Physical changes involve the formation of new substances, while chemical changes only alter the appearance of matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed in an ionic compound?

    <p>Ionic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of Earth's atmosphere contains the ozone layer?

    <p>Stratosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines an element in chemistry?

    <p>A pure substance made of only one kind of atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the periodic table, what term is used to describe a vertical column?

    <p>Family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between speed and time?

    <p>Inverse Relationship: Increasing speed decreases time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of friction occurs between moving objects?

    <p>Kinetic Friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of an elastic collision?

    <p>Total kinetic energy is conserved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which atmospheric layer contains the ozone layer?

    <p>Stratosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a chemical compound?

    <p>Combination of different elements in a fixed ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the scientific method?

    <p>Relying solely on anecdotal evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of convergent boundary occurs between two continental plates, resulting in the formation of tall mountain ranges without volcanic activity?

    <p>Continental to continental boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an experiment, which variable is intentionally changed to observe its effect on the dependent variable?

    <p>Independent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which atmospheric layer contains the ozone layer, which protects Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation?

    <p>Stratosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the principle of falsification in science?

    <p>Only statements that can be disproven by empirical evidence are subject to scientific inquiry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond involves the sharing of valence electrons?

    <p>Covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of boundary occurs when tectonic plates move apart?

    <p>Divergent boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In geology, which principle states that undeformed sedimentary layers are older at the bottom?

    <p>Law of Superposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of front occurs when warm air moves over cooler air?

    <p>Warm front</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of elements tend to lose electrons according to the periodic table?

    <p>Metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in a high-pressure system in terms of cloud cover?

    <p>Reduces clouds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of boundary occurs when two tectonic plates grind past each other horizontally?

    <p>Transform boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an air mass characterized by?

    <p>'Uniform properties' throughout it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Tall mountains and earthquakes' are associated with which type of plate boundary?

    <p>'Continental to Continental'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bond involves the free movement of electrons among metal atoms?

    <p>Metallic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The study of forces, energy, and motion is called chemistry.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The variable that changes because of the independent variable is called the control variable.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The principle of falsification states that only falsifiable statements can be subject to scientific inquiry.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A mathematical model is a model that treats physical objects or phenomena using mathematical methods.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Velocity is a combination of speed and mass.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The base unit of temperature is the joule.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an elastic collision, the total kinetic energy of the system is not conserved.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Linear momentum is defined as the mass of an object multiplied by its acceleration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Potential energy stored in chemical bonds is an example of gravitational potential energy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Kinetic friction occurs between two objects touching but not moving against each other.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Longitudinal waves are waves where the oscillation is perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The law of conservation of energy states that energy can be created or destroyed in different forms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fluid resistance is a type of friction when an object moves through a gas or liquid.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mechanical waves can travel through a vacuum.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oscillation refers to a non-repetitive motion around a center point or equilibrium.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Net force is the sum of all forces acting on an object and can never be zero.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nuclear fusion is a process where hydrogen and other nuclei fuse together into smaller nuclei.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The outer core of the Earth is made mostly of solid nickel-iron.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Physical weathering is the alteration or breakdown of rock or soil through chemical processes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sedimentary rocks are formed by the cooling and solidification of magma.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Precambrian Era consists of the Hadean, Archean, and Proterozoic eons.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The principle of superposition states that in undeformed sedimentary rocks, each bed is older than the one below it.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An ionic bond is formed between two positively charged atoms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Metals are elements that tend to gain electrons.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Metalloids have properties that are a mix between metals and nonmetals.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a chemical reaction, the reactants are the substances formed at the end of the reaction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Stratosphere is the layer of Earth's atmosphere immediately above the Exosphere.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A physical change involves a change in chemical composition.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sound waves can travel through a vacuum.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Atoms are made up of a nucleus and electrons that orbit around it.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Covalent bonds involve the transfer of valence electrons between atoms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Matter can exist in three states: solid, liquid, and gas.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elements in the same group of the periodic table have the same number of valence electrons.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ionic compounds are formed by the complete transfer of electrons between atoms.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Metalloids have electrical conductivity that is $5(3 + 2)$ times higher than that of metals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the law of superposition, the oldest sedimentary rock layers are always found at the top of a geological sequence.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Divergent plate boundaries are characterized by the formation of deep ocean trenches and volcanic mountain ranges.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High-pressure systems are associated with the formation of clouds and precipitation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Velocity is the rate of change of position with respect to time.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The troposphere is the outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy can be created or destroyed.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The period of a wave is the time taken for one complete oscillation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its position.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Friction is a force that always opposes the relative motion between two surfaces in contact.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The atomic number of an element is the number of neutrons in its nucleus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The stratosphere is the layer of the atmosphere that contains the ozone layer.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The law of conservation of momentum states that momentum is conserved in all collisions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The base unit of temperature is the Celsius.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In geology, a transform boundary is where tectonic plates push into each other, causing large quakes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The troposphere is the layer of Earth's atmosphere where auroras happen and the ISS flies.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transpiration is the evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Front is a term used to describe a boundary between two or more air masses.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Low pressure systems are areas of dense air that sink, develop in cold areas, and remove clouds.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chemistry is the study of forces, energy, and motion.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypothesis is a concise statement supported by evidence describing a widespread pattern in nature.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Physical models represent physical phenomena like atomic structures.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Convection cells are circular patterns of rising cold air and sinking warm air.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Infiltration is the flow of water from the subsurface into the land surface.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Law of conservation of matter = Matter cannot be created/destroyed, but can be converted between forms through physical or chemical changes Coefficient = Number used to indicate the ratio of chemicals in a reaction, written before chemical formula Temperature = Measure of the average kinetic energy per particle Thermal energy = Total energy in the particles of an object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following celestial bodies with their descriptions:

    <p>Nebula = A cloud of gases and particles Star = Celestial body held together by its own gravity that releases light and other forms of radiant energy generated by nuclear fusion Galaxy = Collection of hundreds of billions of stars clustered together by gravity Asteroids = Very small, rocky bodies that orbit the sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following Earth layers with their descriptions:

    <p>Crust = Thin, outermost rocky shell at the surface of the Earth Mantle = Thickest layer of the Earth made of hot, solid rock, 84% of volume of the planet Outer core = Outer half of the Earth's core made of mostly molten iron Inner core = Inner half of the Earth's core made of solid nickel-iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following geological processes with their definitions:

    <p>Weathering = Alteration or breakdown of rock or soil Erosion = Mechanism responsible for the transportation or removal of material Glacier = Slowly moving mass of ice formed by accumulation and compaction of snow that flows over time Deposition = Process in which soil, sediment, or rocks are added to a landform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following rock types with their descriptions:

    <p>Sedimentary rocks = Rocks made up of weathered particles that have been cemented together into hard rock Igneous rocks = Rocks formed by lava or magma Metamorphic rocks = Rocks formed through heat and pressure causing their minerals to change Rock cycle = Various processes that change rocks from one form to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following geological eras with their characteristics:

    <p>Precambrian Era = Consisting of Hadean, Archean, and Proterozoic eons Paleozoic Era = Era consisting of greatest diversification of life on earth Mesozoic Era = Era when dinosaurs thrived Cenozoic Era = Current era, age of mammals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to waves with their definitions:

    <p>Compression = Region of longitudinal wave where particles are close together Rarefaction = Region of longitudinal wave where particles are far apart Crest = The highest point in a wave above equilibrium Trough = The lowest point in a wave under equilibrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to waves with their descriptions:

    <p>Amplitude = The distance between a wave's equilibrium and crest/trough in a transverse wave, or how compressed/expanded the medium becomes in a longitudinal wave Wavelength = The horizontal distance after which the wave repeats Period = The amount of time needed for one full oscillation/one wave to pass Frequency = Number of wave oscillations in a given period of time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to chemistry with their definitions:

    <p>Matter = Anything that takes up space and has mass Atom = The basic building block of matter Valence electrons = The electrons in the outermost shell of an atom Element = A pure substance made of only one kind of atom, defined by its proton count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to chemistry with their descriptions:

    <p>Atomic number = The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom Chemical bonds = The attractive forces that hold atoms together Organic compound = Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen Inorganic compounds = Compounds that are not organic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to matter with their definitions:

    <p>Pure substance = A chemical containing only one type of element or compound Mixture = A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined and not present in a specific, fixed ratio Heterogeneous mixture = A mixture in which pure substances are unevenly distributed throughout the mixture Homogeneous mixture = A mixture in which substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to physics:

    <p>Inelastic collision = A collision in which the total kinetic energy is not conserved Elastic collision = A collision in which the total kinetic energy is conserved Mechanical waves = Type of waves that require a medium to travel through Electromagnetic waves = Waves with both an electric and magnetic component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts related to energy:

    <p>Potential energy = Energy that is stored Kinetic energy = The energy objects have because they are moving Gravitational potential energy = Energy an object has due to its height above the ground Chemical potential energy = Energy that is stored in the chemical bonds in a substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to forces:

    <p>Net force = The sum of all forces acting on an object Friction = The force that opposes the motion of an object on which it acts Gravity = Attractive force between objects directly proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of their distance Linear momentum = Name for the mass of an object times its velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following laws and principles in physics:

    <p>Newton's first law = An object in motion remains in motion unless acted on by a net force Newton's second law = Net force = mass x acceleration (F = ma) Newton's third law = When one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts a force of the same magnitude in the opposite direction on the first object Law of conservation of momentum = Momentum is conserved when two or more objects collide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of friction:

    <p>Kinetic friction = Friction between two objects moving against each other Static friction = Friction between two objects touching but not moving against each other Fluid resistance = Friction when an object moves through a gas or liquid Elasticity = The amount of bounce an object has after a collision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following wave types:

    <p>Transverse wave = Wave where the oscillation is perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling Longitudinal wave = Wave where the oscillation occurs along the direction the wave is traveling Oscillation = Repetitive motion around a center point or equilibrium Equilibrium = Position or state to which an oscillating object eventually returns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts related to work and energy:

    <p>Work = Term for the displacement of an object in the direction of an applied force by using/converting energy Energy = Capacity to do work or cause change Law of conservation of energy = Energy cannot be created/destroyed, only transferred/converted Law of conservation of momentum = Momentum is conserved when two or more objects collide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of potential energy:

    <p>Gravitational potential energy = Energy an object has due to its height above the ground Chemical potential energy = Energy stored in chemical bonds in a substance Elastic potential energy = Energy stored in stretched springs, rubber bands, etc. Electromagnetic energy = Energy carried by electromagnetic waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following laws and principles in physics:

    <p>Law of conservation of momentum = Momentum is conserved when two or more objects collide Law of conservation of energy = Energy cannot be created/destroyed, only transferred/converted Newton's first law = An object in motion remains in motion unless acted on by a net force Newton's second law = Net force = mass x acceleration (F = ma)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following wave types:

    <p>Mechanical waves = Type of waves that require a medium (air, water, etc.) to travel through, cannot travel through a vacuum Transverse wave = Wave where oscillation is perpendicular to direction wave is traveling Longitudinal wave = Wave where oscillation occurs along direction wave is traveling Electromagnetic waves = Waves with both electric and magnetic components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Principle of falsification = Only falsifiable statements can be subject to scientific inquiry Hypothesis = A testable statement about how something in nature works Law = A concise statement that is supported by scientific evidence and repeated experiments, describes a widespread pattern in nature (what) Theory = A statement that explains a wide range of observations, supported by a large body of scientific evidence (how/why)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following units with their quantities:

    <p>Meter = Base unit of length Kilogram = Base unit of mass Second = Base unit of time Kelvin = Base unit of temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following models with their descriptions:

    <p>Physical model = A model of a physical phenomenon, such as a planetary system Conceptual model = A model used to visualize things that cannot be seen, such as atoms Mathematical model = A model that treats physical objects/phenomena using mathematical methods Computer model = A detailed, complex model calculated by a computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following relationships with their descriptions:

    <p>Direct relationship = A relationship between two variables where increasing one increases the other, and vice versa Inverse relationship = A relationship between two variables where increasing one decreases the other, and vice versa Speed = The name for the distance traveled divided by an interval of time Velocity = A combination of speed and direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Independent variable = What you change in an experiment on purpose Dependent variable = The variable that changes because of an independent variable Control variable = The variable(s) you don't want to study, need to be either eliminated or kept constant Observational study = When systems are observed as they appear in nature, researchers do not attempt to change them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following science disciplines with their descriptions:

    <p>Physics = The study of forces, energy, motion Chemistry = The study of atoms and molecules, their structures, and their interactions to form substances Earth science = The study of the Earth's structure and composition, and processes that change Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following tectonic plate boundaries with their characteristics:

    <p>Convergent boundary = Plates push into each other, causing large quakes Divergent boundary = Plates are separating, with volcanoes and few, weak quakes Transform boundary = Plates are grinding past each other, causing quakes but almost no volcanoes Subduction = One plate sinks into the mantle below another plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following atmospheric layers with their descriptions:

    <p>Troposphere = The lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, where weather occurs Ozone layer = Protective layer in atmosphere that shields earth from UV radiation Stratosphere = The second-lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, contains the ozone layer Mesosphere = The layer above the stratosphere, where meteors burn up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to water with their definitions:

    <p>Transpiration = Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant Infiltration = Flow of water from the land surface into the subsurface Groundwater = Water that is in the ground Runoff = Water that is not soaked into the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following weather systems with their characteristics:

    <p>High pressure system (anticyclone) = Area of dense air that sinks and warms, removes clouds Low pressure system (depression) = Area of less dense air that rises and cools, creates clouds Air mass = Large body of air with same temperature, humidity, and pressure Front = Boundary between two or more air masses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following scientific concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>Principle of Falsification = Only falsifiable statements are subject to scientific inquiry Hypothesis = Testable statement about natural phenomena Law = Concise statement supported by evidence describing a widespread pattern in nature Theory = Explanation of observations supported by substantial evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following geological principles with their definitions:

    <p>Law of Superposition = Undeformed sedimentary layers are older at the bottom Crosscutting Relationships = Rock layers must exist before being cut through Convergent Boundary = Plates push together Divergent Boundary = Plates move apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following bond types with their descriptions:

    <p>Ionic Bond = Transfer of electrons Covalent Bond = Sharing of valence electrons Metallic Bond = Electrons move freely among metal atoms Warm Front = Warm air over cool air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following atmospheric systems with their characteristics:

    <p>High Pressure System = Dense air, sinking, removes clouds Low Pressure System = Less dense air, rising, creates clouds Group = Vertical column in the periodic table Metalloids = Intermediate electrical conductivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following plate boundary types with their outcomes:

    <p>Oceanic to Continental = Deep trenches, volcanic mountain ranges Oceanic to Oceanic = Volcanic islands, earthquakes Continental to Continental = Tall mountains, earthquakes Subduction = Plate sinks into mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their categories:

    <p>Reactants = Initial substances in a chemical reaction Products = Substances formed in a chemical reaction Period = Horizontal row in the periodic table Family = Elements with the same valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following weather phenomena with their definitions:

    <p>Air Mass = Large body with uniform properties Front = Boundary between air masses Cold Front = Cold air under warm air Ion = Atom with net electric charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following wave properties with their descriptions:

    <p>Amplitude = Distance from equilibrium to crest or trough in a transverse wave, or compression/expansion in a longitudinal wave Wavelength = Distance after which a wave repeats Period = Time for one full oscillation or wave to pass Frequency = Number of oscillations per unit time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following conservation laws with their definitions:

    <p>Law of Conservation of Energy = Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted Law of Conservation of Matter = Matter cannot be created or destroyed, only converted through physical or chemical changes Law of Conservation of Momentum = Momentum is conserved in collisions Law of Conservation of Mass = Mass cannot be created or destroyed, only converted through physical changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of friction with their descriptions:

    <p>Kinetic Friction = Friction between moving objects Static Friction = Friction between stationary objects Fluid Resistance = Friction in gases or liquids Rolling Friction = Friction between a rolling object and a surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following layers of Earth's atmosphere with their characteristics:

    <p>Troposphere = Weather layer Stratosphere = Contains ozone layer Mesosphere = Meteors burn up here Thermosphere = Auroras occur; ISS orbits here</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following base units with their quantities:

    <p>Second = Base unit of time Kelvin = Base unit of temperature Meter = Base unit of distance Kilogram = Base unit of mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of collision with their definitions:

    <p>Elastic Collision = Total kinetic energy conserved Inelastic Collision = Total kinetic energy not conserved Perfectly Inelastic Collision = Maximum kinetic energy loss Partially Inelastic Collision = Partial kinetic energy loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following properties with their descriptions:

    <p>Macroscopic Properties = Observed at large scale Microscopic Properties = Observed at small scale, like properties of atoms Intensive Properties = Independent of the amount of substance present Extensive Properties = Dependent on the amount of substance present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following chemistry terms with their definitions:

    <p>Element = Pure substance made of one kind of atom Compound = Combination of different elements in a fixed ratio Mixture = Combination of substances not chemically combined Pure Substance = Contains only one type of element or compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of waves with their descriptions:

    <p>Transverse Wave = Oscillation perpendicular to wave direction Longitudinal Wave = Oscillation parallel to wave direction Mechanical Wave = Require a medium to travel through Electromagnetic Wave = Include electric and magnetic components, travel through vacuum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following mechanics terms with their definitions:

    <p>Velocity = Speed with direction. Acceleration = Change in speed and/or direction. Force = Push or pull with magnitude and direction. Net Force = Sum of all forces acting on an object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of the scientific method?

    <p>Presenting findings for evaluation by other scientists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the independent and dependent variables in an experiment with an inverse relationship?

    <p>Increasing the independent variable decreases the dependent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plate boundary is associated with the formation of tall mountain ranges without volcanic activity?

    <p>Convergent boundary between two continental plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of an elastic collision in physics?

    <p>The total kinetic energy of the colliding objects is conserved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of Earth's atmosphere contains the ozone layer?

    <p>Stratosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the independent and dependent variables in a direct relationship?

    <p>Increasing the independent variable increases the dependent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the best description of the nebula mentioned in the text?

    <p>A cloud of gasses and particles that can give rise to the formation of stars and planets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the $mantle$ layer of the Earth according to the text?

    <p>The mantle is the thickest layer of the Earth, made of hot, solid rock, comprising 84% of the planet's volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of $metamorphic$ rocks?

    <p>Metamorphic rocks are formed through heat and pressure which causes their minerals to change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the best description of the $principle of crosscutting relationships$ mentioned in the text?

    <p>If a rock, fault, or other feature cuts through a rock layer, that rock layer must have been pre-existing in order to have been cut through.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of $nuclear fusion$?

    <p>Nuclear fusion is a process where hydrogen and other nuclei fuse together into larger nuclei.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the best description of a $star$ according to the information provided in the text?

    <p>A star is a celestial body that is held together by its own gravity and releases light and other forms of radiant energy generated by nuclear fusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the layer of Earth's atmosphere immediately above the exosphere?

    <p>Mesosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the property of matter that allows it to be shaped by pounding without breaking apart?

    <p>Malleability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of waves require a medium to travel through such as air or water?

    <p>Longitudinal waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to a chemical combination of two or more different elements in a fixed ratio?

    <p>Compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a row in the periodic table?

    <p>Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the ability of an element to lose electrons?

    <p>Metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the number of wave oscillations in a given period of time?

    <p>Frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In chemistry, what is an atom with a net electric charge called?

    <p>Ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen?

    <p>Organic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed by atoms sharing valence electrons?

    <p>Covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Newton's third law, if object A exerts a force on object B, what happens?

    <p>Object B exerts a force of the same magnitude in the opposite direction on object A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of energy is associated with the motion of atoms and molecules?

    <p>Thermal energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of potential energy?

    <p>Kinetic energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between work and energy?

    <p>Work is the transfer of energy from one object to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an elastic collision, what is conserved?

    <p>Kinetic energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave?

    <p>Transverse waves oscillate perpendicular to the direction of wave travel, while longitudinal waves oscillate parallel to the direction of wave travel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Newton's second law, what is the relationship between net force, mass, and acceleration?

    <p>Net force = mass × acceleration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What force opposes the motion of an object moving through a fluid (gas or liquid)?

    <p>Fluid resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of friction occurs between two objects that are touching but not moving relative to each other?

    <p>Static friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle behind the law of conservation of energy?

    <p>Energy can be transferred or converted, but it cannot be created or destroyed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plate boundary is associated with two tectonic plates grinding past each other horizontally?

    <p>Transform boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In geology, which law states that undeformed sedimentary layers are older at the bottom?

    <p>Law of Superposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of air mass is characterized by warm air over cool air in a weather system?

    <p>Warm front</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond involves the sharing of valence electrons between atoms?

    <p>Covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of elements tend to lose electrons according to their bonding properties?

    <p>Metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of boundary occurs when plates push together in plate tectonics?

    <p>Convergent boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the capacity to do work or cause change?

    <p>Energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which atmospheric layer is characterized by the presence of auroras and where the International Space Station orbits?

    <p>Thermosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a longitudinal wave's oscillation direction indicate about its movement?

    <p>Wave type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of collision conserves total kinetic energy, allowing objects to bounce after impact?

    <p>Elastic collision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property defines a chemical compound?

    <p>Definite composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for the force opposing motion between two surfaces in contact?

    <p>Frictional force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In chemistry, what type of compound contains carbon and hydrogen atoms?

    <p>Organic compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes repetitive motion around a center point?

    <p>$Oscillation$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    $Velocity$ is best defined as the rate of change of __________.

    <p>$Displacement$ with respect to time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a chemical element in terms of its atomic structure?

    <p>Number of protons in the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the process of subduction?

    <p>The sinking of one tectonic plate beneath another at a convergent boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of Earth's atmosphere is responsible for absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation?

    <p>Ozone layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which groundwater is recharged?

    <p>Infiltration of surface water into the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an experiment, which variable is changed to observe its effect on the dependent variable?

    <p>Independent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tectonic plate boundary is characterized by the formation of deep ocean trenches and continental volcanic mountain ranges?

    <p>Oceanic-to-continental boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What scientific concept states that only falsifiable statements are subject to scientific inquiry?

    <p>Principle of falsification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of weather systems, what is the primary characteristic of a low-pressure system (depression)?

    <p>An area of less dense air that rises and cools, creating clouds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of valence electrons between atoms?

    <p>Covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the principle of conservation of momentum, what happens to the total momentum of a closed system during a collision?

    <p>The total momentum is always conserved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of wave requires a medium, such as air or water, to propagate?

    <p>Mechanical wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser