Introduction to Science Fields

<p>Conceptual model</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Second</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acceleration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inverse relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$\text{Speed}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical changes involve a change in appearance without a change in chemical composition, whereas chemical changes involve a change in chemical composition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It results from the transfer of valence electrons from one atom to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of protons in its nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrical conductivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pure substances contain only one type of atom, while mixtures have multiple types of atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Valence electrons contribute to the formation of chemical bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Newton's first law</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elastic collision</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Work = force × displacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thermal energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The oscillation is perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elastic potential energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electromagnetic waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A tectonic plate boundary where the plates are grinding past each other, causing quakes but almost no volcanoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Causes deep ocean trenches and continental volcanic mountain ranges, as well as large quakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thermosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The circulation or movement of a liquid or gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A front where cold air moves in under a warm air mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An area of dense air that sinks and warms, develops in cold areas, and removes clouds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infiltration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When one tectonic plate sinks into the mantle below another plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It witnessed the greatest diversification of life on Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The exfoliation of rocks due to temperature changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can be used to determine the absolute ages of rock layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are made up of weathered particles that have been cemented together</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can be used to determine the absolute ages of rock layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Newton's first law</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$work = force \times displacement$</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kinetic energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elastic collision</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oscillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Is based solely on theoretical concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inverse relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theoretical model</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Advection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distance traveled divided by an interval of time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p><strong>Friction</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Influence the element's color</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thermosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A tectonic plate boundary where plates are grinding past each other, causing quakes but almost no volcanoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Principle of Inertia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infiltration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leads to tall mountain ranges without volcanoes but large earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strong attraction between oppositely charged ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plate tectonics theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gravitational collapse of nebulae</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formed through extreme heat and pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Convection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extinction of non-avian dinosaurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Applies to igneous and metamorphic rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Convection currents in the Earth's mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diversification of complex multicellular life</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thermosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metallic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ductility</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metalloids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trough</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>nuclear fusion = Process where hydrogen and other nuclei fuse together into larger nuclei outer core = Outer half of the Earth's core. Made of mostly molten iron igneous rocks = Rocks formed by lava or magma rock cycle = Name for the various processes that change rocks from one form to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>nebula = A cloud of gasses and particles inner core = Inner half of the Earth's core. Made of solid nickel-iron sedimentary rocks = Rocks made up of weathered particles that have been cemented together into hard rock meanders = Curves in a river formed by eroding the outer bank and depositing sediment on the inner bank</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>star = Celestial body that is held together by its own gravity and releases light generated by nuclear fusion galaxy = A collection of hundreds of billions of stars clustered together by gravity moon = A naturally formed object that orbits a planet comets = Relatively small, icy, dusty bodies that travel around the sun in very elliptical orbits</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>physical weathering = Weathering resulting from mechanical processes chemical weathering = Weathering resulting from chemical processes erosion = The mechanism responsible for the transportation or removal of material deposition = The process in which soil, sediment, or rocks are added to a landform</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>crust = Thin, outermost rocky shell at the surface of the earth mantle = Thickest layer of the Earth made of hot, solid rock, 84% of volume of the planet outer core = Outer half of the Earth's core. Made of mostly molten iron inner core = Inner half of the Earth's core. Made of solid nickel-iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Precambrian Era = Era consisting of Hadean, Archean, and Proterozoic eons Paleozoic era = Era consisting of greatest diversification of life on earth Mesozoic era = Era when the dinosaurs thrived Cenozoic era = Current era, the age of mammals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Derived units = What is produced when the base units/quantities are combined Volume = Term for the amount of space an object occupies Speed = The name for the distance traveled divided by an interval of time Acceleration = Term for any change in an object's speed and/or direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical model = A model of a physical phenomenon, such as a planetary system Conceptual model = A model used to visualize things that cannot be seen, such as atoms Mathematical model = A model that treats physical objects/phenomena using mathematical methods Computer model = A detailed, complex model calculated by a computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct relationship = A relationship between two variables where increasing one increases the other, and vice versa Inverse relationship = A relationship between two variables where increasing one decreases the other, and vice versa Observational study = When systems are observed as they appear in nature, researchers do not attempt to change them Liquid displacement = Method of determining the volume of an object by measuring the amount of liquid it displaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Principle of falsification = Principle that only falsifiable statements can be subject to scientific inquiry Hypothesis = A testable statement about how something in nature works Law = A concise statement that is supported by scientific evidence and repeated experiments, describes a widespread pattern in nature (what) Theory = A statement that explains a wide range of observations, supported by a large body of scientific evidence (how/why)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meter = Base unit of length Kilogram = Base unit of mass Second = Base unit of time Kelvin = Base unit of temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Force = Term for a push or a pull with direction and magnitude Velocity = A combination of speed and direction Law of motion = Which law states that an object in motion remains in motion unless acted on by a net force? Kinetic energy = Which type of energy is associated with the motion of atoms and molecules, and depends on the mass and temperature of an object?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Troposphere = The lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, where weather occurs Stratosphere = The second-lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, contains the ozone layer Mesosphere = The layer of Earth's atmosphere immediately above the stratosphere, where meteors burn up Thermosphere = The atmospheric layer above the mesosphere, where auroras happen and the ISS flies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Convergent boundary = A tectonic plate boundary where the plates push into each other, causing large quakes Divergent boundary = A tectonic plate boundary where the plates are separating, with volcanoes and few, weak quakes Transform boundary = A tectonic plate boundary where the plates are grinding past each other, causing quakes but almost no volcanoes Subduction = When one tectonic plate sinks into the mantle below another plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transpiration = Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant Infiltration = Flow of water from the land surface into the subsurface Groundwater = Water that is in the ground Runoff = Water that is not soaked into the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High pressure system (anticyclone) = An area of dense air that sinks and warms, develops in cold areas, and removes clouds (hot day/cold night) Low pressure system (depression) = An area of less dense air that rises and cools, develops in warm areas, and creates clouds (mild day/night) Front = A boundary between two or more air masses Warm front = A front along which a warm air mass moves over a mass of cooler air</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unconformity = Buried erosional surface, suggesting a lack of information Oceanic to continental boundary = A convergent boundary between a seafloor plate and continental plate, causing deep ocean trenches and continental volcanic mountain ranges, large quakes Oceanic to oceanic boundary = A convergent boundary between two seafloor plates, causing volcanic islands and large earthquakes Continental to continental boundary = A convergent boundary between two continental plates with no subduction, causing tall mountain ranges with no volcanoes but large earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Convection = The transfer of thermal energy by the circulation or movement of a liquid or gas Convection cell = A circular pattern of rising warm air and sinking cool air Air mass = Large body of air with the same temperature, humidity, and pressure Exosphere = The last layer of the atmosphere, beyond which exists a vacuum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inertia = The tenancy to keep the same motion/velocity or remain at rest. Friction = The force that opposes the motion of an object on which it acts Oscillation = A repetitive motion that occurs around a center point or equilibrium Equilibrium = A position or state to which an oscillating object eventually returns to</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elastic collision = A collision in which the total kinetic energy is conserved Inelastic collision = A collision in which the total kinetic energy is not conserved Perfectly inelastic collision = A type of inelastic collision where the two objects stick together after impact Completely inelastic collision = Another term for perfectly inelastic collision</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kinetic energy = The energy objects have because they are moving. Increases with mass and velocity Potential energy = Energy that is stored Gravitational potential energy = Energy an object has due to its height above the ground. Increases with mass and height. Chemical potential energy = Energy that is stored in the chemical bonds in a substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transverse wave = Wave where the oscillation is perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling Longitudinal wave = Wave where the oscillation occurs along the direction the wave is traveling Mechanical waves = Type of waves that require a medium (air, water, etc.) to travel through, cannot travel through a vacuum Electromagnetic waves = Waves with both an electric and magnetic component</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Newton's first law = An object in motion remains in motion unless acted on by a net force Newton's second law = Net force = mass x acceleration (F = ma) Newton's third law = When one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts a force of the same magnitude in the opposite direction on the first object ('For every action, an equal and opposite reaction') Law of conservation of momentum = Term for the fact that momentum is conserved when two or more objects collide</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linear momentum = Name for the mass of an object times its velocity Work = Term for the displacement of an object in the direction of an applied force by using/converting energy Energy = The capacity to do work or cause change Elasticity = The amount of bounce an object has after a collision</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid resistance = Friction when an object moves through a gas or liquid Kinetic friction = Friction between two objects moving against each other Static friction = Friction between two objects touching but not moving against each other Air resistance = Resistance encountered by objects as they move through air</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Law of conservation of energy = Term for the fact that energy cannot be created/destroyed, only transferred/converted Law of conservation of momentum = Term for the fact that momentum is conserved when two or more objects collide Oscillation = A repetitive motion that occurs around a center point or equilibrium Equilibrium = A position or state to which an oscillating object eventually returns to</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gravitational potential energy = Energy an object has due to its height above the ground. Increases with mass and height. Chemical potential energy = Energy that is stored in the chemical bonds in a substance Elastic potential energy = Energy stored in stretched springs, rubber bands, etc. Electromagnetic energy = Energy carried by electromagnetic waves. Light energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mechanical waves = Type of waves that require a medium (air, water, etc.) to travel through, cannot travel through a vacuum Transverse wave = Wave where the oscillation is perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling Longitudinal wave = Wave where the oscillation occurs along the direction the wave is traveling Electromagnetic waves = Waves with both an electric and magnetic component</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crest = The highest point in a wave above equilibrium Trough = The lowest point in a wave under equilibrium Amplitude = The distance between a wave's equilibrium and crest/trough in a transverse wave Wavelength = The horizontal distance after which the wave repeats</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Valence Electrons = The electrons in the outermost shell of an atom Element = A pure substance made of only one kind of atom, defined by its proton count Atomic Number = The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom Chemical Bonds = The attractive forces that hold atoms together</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Troposphere = The lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere where weather occurs Stratosphere = The layer above the troposphere; the ozone layer is found in this layer, planes fly here Mesosphere = The layer of Earth's atmosphere immediately above the stratosphere where meteors burn up Thermosphere = The atmospheric layer above the mesosphere where auroras occur, ISS orbits here</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical Change = When matter changes in appearance without changing in chemical composition Chemical Change = When matter changes in chemical composition Chemical Reaction = When chemical bonds are formed/broken in a chemical change Reactants = The substances present before a chemical reaction begins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ion = An atom with a net electric charge (i.e., not neutral) Ionic Bond = Chemical bond formed between a positively charged atom and a negatively charged atom, where a valence electron is given from one to the other Covalent Bond = Bond formed between atoms that share valence electrons Metallic Bond = Bond formed between atoms of metals using an electron sea where valence electrons move about freely</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Period = Name for a row in the periodic table Group = Name for a column in the periodic table Family = Name for elements in the same group of the periodic table that have the same number of valence electrons Metals = Term for elements that tend to lose electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Malleability = The ability to be shaped by pounding without breaking apart Ductility = The ability to be stretched into wire Nonmetals = Term for elements with electrons very tightly associated with the nucleus Metalloids = Term for elements that are shiny like metal but have intermediate electrical conductivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sedimentary Rocks = A rock type formed by accumulation and compression of sediments over time Igneous Rocks = A rock type formed from solidification of molten rock (magma/lava) Metamorphic Rocks = A rock type formed from existing rocks under high heat and pressure conditions. Physical Weathering = Process that breaks down rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kinetic Energy = Energy associated with motion. Potential Energy = Energy stored within an object due to its position or state. Mechanical Energy = Sum of kinetic and potential energy in a system. Thermal Energy = Energy associated with heat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macroscopic Properties = The properties observed when a large number of particles interact. Microscopic Properties = Properties at the small scale, such as properties of atoms and molecules. Ionic Compound = Compounds formed via ionic bonds, usually a combination of a metal and one or more non-metals. Covalent Compound = Compounds formed via covalent bonds, sharing electrons between atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers