Scientific Revolution Flashcards

Study Notes

Scientific Revolution

Emergence of modern science during the early modern period.
Transformations in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, medicine, and chemistry.
Led to improved medicine and increased survival rates from diseases.
Established foundations for modern technology like computers and phones.

Nicolaus Copernicus

Renaissance mathematician and astronomer.
Formulated a heliocentric model with the Sun at the center of the solar system.
His theory initiated the Scientific Revolution.

Heliocentric View

Model with the Sun at the center of the solar system.
Revolutionized understanding of astronomy and influenced advancements in medicine and agriculture.

Tycho Brahe

Danish astronomer known for accurate astronomical observations.
His data provided the foundation for Kepler's laws of planetary motion.

Johannes Kepler

German mathematician and astronomer (1571-1630).
Best known for laws of planetary motion, establishing elliptical orbits for planets.
His work laid groundwork for Isaac Newton's theory of universal gravitation.

Galileo Galilei

Italian physicist and astronomer (1564-1642).
Improved telescope design, facilitating astronomical discoveries.
Discovered four moons of Jupiter; supported heliocentric theory.
Known for conflict with the Roman Catholic Church, resulting in house arrest.

Francis Bacon

English philosopher and statesman (1561-1626).
Advocate of the scientific method; introduced inductive reasoning.
Influential through his works that shaped modern scientific thought.

Inductive Method

Reasoning approach where premises provide strong evidence but not absolute proof for conclusions.

René Descartes

French mathematician and philosopher; father of analytic geometry.
Key works include "Meditations on First Philosophy" and "Principles of Philosophy."
Famous phrase: "I think, therefore I am."
Contributions to analytic geometry remain significant in modern applications.

Deductive Reasoning

Logical process of reasoning from general statements to reach a certain conclusion.

Isaac Newton

English physicist and mathematician (1642-1727) regarded as one of the most influential scientists.
Published "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" in 1687, foundational to physics and mathematics.

Description

Explore the key concepts and definitions related to the Scientific Revolution. This quiz covers significant developments in various scientific fields that transformed society's understanding of nature and medicine. Test your knowledge of this pivotal moment in history.