Scientific Report Writing Techniques
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary objective of the study described?

  • To suppress all received signals.
  • To enhance the strength of interfering signals.
  • To create a new data model system for signal broadcasting.
  • To estimate the frequencies of both desired and undesired signals. (correct)

What type of filter is utilized in the system described?

  • A static infinite impulse response (IIR) filter.
  • A static finite impulse response (FIR) filter.
  • An adaptive infinite impulse response (IIR) filter.
  • An adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filter. (correct)

Which of the following algorithms is NOT mentioned as being used by the adaptive filter?

  • Particle swarm optimization (PSO).
  • Ant colony optimization (ACO).
  • Gradient descent. (correct)
  • Genetic algorithm.

What is a characteristic of the new technique, compared to others?

<p>It is non-parametric and computationally efficient. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the 'Chapter' titles be formatted as, in the document?

<p>Chapter style (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not an abbreviation specifically listed?

<p>API (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action that needs to be taken to create the table of contents?

<p>Go to references and then table of contents and choose classic format. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper format for 'subsection' headings, to be included in the table of contents?

<p>Subsection style (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which section of a scientific report includes a detailed account of the steps taken during the experiment?

<p>Procedure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the 'Introduction' section in a scientific report?

<p>To describe the experiment's objective(s). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a scientific report, the experiment's objective(s) are written using what specific type of word?

<p>Verb (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should be included on the cover page of a scientific report?

<p>The university's logo, the experiment name, and the submission date (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you critically assess and include in the 'Conclusion' section of the lab report?

<p>Whether the results support the initial objective(s) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a scientific report, visualizing your data is most relevant in which section?

<p>Results (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After completing an experiment and before writing the conclusion, what should be the first step an engineer should do based on the lab assignment?

<p>Create a list of what they were supposed to learn by doing the experiment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of revisiting the introduction when writing a scientific report's conclusion?

<p>To make sure the conclusion is consistent with the report's aim. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What style should be used to format figure labels for a table of figures to be generated correctly?

<p>&quot;Figure&quot; (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sequence of steps will correctly generate the table of tables?

<p>References &gt;&gt; Index Table of figures &gt;&gt; Choose Table &gt;&gt; Set formatting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key formatting options which are discussed when generating a table of tables?

<p>Tab Leader Style (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these items below is NOT listed as a key part of an introduction in the context of project documentation?

<p>Detailed technical specifications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the materials, why is it important for design engineers to consider constraints while creating products?

<p>Engineers must consider all technical, economic, social, environmental, and political constraints to create a suitable product. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When considering design constraints what aspect of the project is directly affected?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one example of the constraints of a product as stated in the content?

<p>The material used to manufacture the product (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a primary function of the conclusion section in a scientific paper?

<p>Integrating the issues discussed and reflecting on the initial objectives. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a design requirement for a baseball bat?

<p>Must be able to hit a baseball without breaking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of data typically appears in the appendix of a scientific paper?

<p>Contributory facts and raw data referred to in the text. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should authors avoid using 'I' and 'we' in a scientific paper?

<p>It promotes an objective tone, focusing on the research findings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the 'Timeline' section in some scientific papers?

<p>To outline the process and schedule of the research. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided material, what is the primary goal of a scientific journal?

<p>To advance science by reporting new research. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically considered a design requirement for general products?

<p>Programming language (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If transportation needs to be 'quick', which of these statements is the most specific?

<p>Less than one hour round-trip (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When discussing software program design requirements, what does 'portability' refer to?

<p>The ability of the program to move to another operating system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the 'Background and Literature Review' phase of a design project, what is the primary purpose of reviewing existing papers?

<p>To highlight any requirements, constraints, and contributions related to previous work (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a deliverable during the 'Design' phase of a project?

<p>System level diagrams (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a design process, what does the 'Analysis of Requirements and Constraints' phase entail?

<p>Considering both pre-specified requirements and constraints derived from analysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of 'Validation of requirements/constraints' in a design process?

<p>To verify if the final design meets initial specifications and constraints (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in a project's conclusion?

<p>A conclusion of the implications of findings, and future work (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of an in-text citation?

<p>To briefly indicate within the text where an idea or information originated. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a primary scientific publication?

<p>A review journal article summarizing existing research. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main distinction between research papers and project proposals?

<p>Research papers detail completed studies, while project proposals outline planned research. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the provided journal article citation example, what does '55(8)' refer to?

<p>The volume and issue number of the journal. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the role of a full reference citation?

<p>To give readers all the necessary information to locate a source. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of secondary scientific publications?

<p>To highlight and synthesize advances in a specific area of research. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between in-text and reference citations?

<p>In-text citations point to detailed source information recorded in reference citations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is most likely to be found in conference proceedings?

<p>Original research presented at a conference. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Objectives

The specific aims or goals of an experiment.

Procedure

The steps taken to conduct the experiment.

Results

The data collected and analyzed during the experiment.

Discussion

The section where you interpret the results and answer the questions posed in the introduction.

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Conclusion

The final section that summarizes the key findings and highlights the significance of the experiment.

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Material/Equipment

The list of materials and equipment used in the experiment.

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Introduction

The first section of a scientific report that provides a brief overview of the experiment's purpose and background information.

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Cover Page

The first page of a scientific report, containing essential information about the experiment.

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Frequency Estimation

The process of identifying the specific frequencies of each signal received by a receiver.

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Interfering Signals

Signals that are not desired and interfere with the reception of the intended signal.

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Suggested New Data Model System

A data model that aims to identify and filter out unwanted signals based on their frequencies. It uses adaptive filters to achieve this.

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Adaptive Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filter

A type of digital filter that adapts its characteristics based on the input signal. It's used to remove unwanted frequencies from a signal.

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Random Search Algorithms

A family of optimization algorithms that use random search methods to find solutions to problems. They are often used in adaptive filter design.

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Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)

A type of random search algorithm that uses concepts from swarm intelligence (like bird flocking) to find optimal solutions.

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Ant Colony Optimization (ACO)

Another random search algorithm inspired by the behavior of ants. It works by finding optimal paths through a network.

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Computational Efficiency

The ability of a technique to be implemented and executed efficiently without requiring excessive computational resources.

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Physical Characteristics

Characteristics that describe the physical aspects of a product, like its size, shape, and materials.

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Performance Characteristics

Criteria that determine how well a product functions, such as speed, efficiency, and reliability.

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Environmental Requirements

Standards related to the environmental impact of a product throughout its lifecycle, including manufacturing, use, and disposal.

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Cost

The cost of producing, distributing, and using a product, including materials, labor, and energy.

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Ease of Use

The ease with which a user can learn and operate a product.

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Functionality

The specific features and functions that a software program performs.

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Speed & Responsiveness

The speed and responsiveness of a software program.

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Portability

The ability of a software program to run on different operating systems.

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Future Work

A section where you outline potential future research directions based on your findings and identify gaps that need further exploration.

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Appendix

An essential part of a scientific paper that provides supporting evidence and data not included in the main body of the text, such as raw data, sample calculations, figures, and graphs.

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Timeline

A visual representation of key events, tasks, or milestones in a research project, often displayed as a timeline.

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CS and Engineering Projects' Templates

A collection of examples that demonstrate how to format and present common computer science and engineering projects.

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Introduction (Design Project)

The first step in any design project, where the problem, its context, and the project goals are clearly defined.

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Design Constraints

The part of a design project where you outline the technical, economic, social, environmental, and political limitations that will affect your design choices.

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Design Requirements

These are the specific characteristics that your final design must meet, such as performance, size, or materials.

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System Design

A detailed description of the proposed solution, including its components, functionality, and how it works.

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Implementation

The process of creating the physical or digital version of your designed solution, based on the system design.

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Testing (Design Project)

Testing the final product or system to ensure it meets the design requirements and is ready for use.

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Table of Figures

A list of all the figures used in a document, with their corresponding titles and page numbers.

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Table of Tables

A list of all the tables used in a document, with their corresponding titles and page numbers.

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What is an In-Text Citation?

A brief note about a source within the body of your writing, providing context and credibility to the information or idea you're presenting.

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What is a Reference Citation (Full Citation)?

The full and detailed information about a source, typically listed at the end of your work, allowing readers to easily locate the source.

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Research Papers vs. Project Proposals

A research paper presents the findings of original research, often exploring a specific question or hypothesis. Project proposals, on the other hand, outline plans for future research or projects, detailing the objectives, methodology, and expected outcomes.

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Peer Review

The process of evaluating the quality and originality of research by experts in the field, ensuring scientific rigor and validity.

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Citations

Number of times a research paper or article has been cited in other scholarly works, reflecting its impact and influence in a field.

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Research Proposals Cycle

A structured and systematic process starting with a research idea, moving through various stages like proposal development, data collection, analysis, and finally publication.

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Research Proposals Structure

Typically includes a clear statement of the research question, the proposed methodology, expected outcomes, and a timeline for completing the project.

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Primary Scientific Publications

They present data and information that are intended to convey the results of an experiment or study, providing evidence and interpretations to support conclusions.

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Secondary Scientific Publications

Papers that synthesize and analyze existing research on a specific topic, providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge and identifying emerging trends.

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Study Notes

Writing Research and Design Reports

  • The chapter focuses on writing scientific reports, graduation projects, and research papers.

Topics Covered

  • Scientific Reports
  • Graduation Project
  • Research Papers

Scientific Reports

  • Structure: The structure of scientific reports follows a specific order.

    • Cover Page
    • Introduction (Objectives, Materials/Equipment)
    • Discussion (Procedure, Results)
    • Conclusion

  • Cover Page: Includes lab name, experiment number, experiment name, university logo, date, and group number. The cover page should be created using MS Word.

  • Introduction: Contains the objectives and materials/equipment used. Objectives should be stated in terms of actions (e.g., to measure, to analyze).

  • Discussion: Includes details about the procedure and presentation of the results. Emphasize data visualization.

  • Conclusion: Review the assignment, objectives, and lab purpose to ensure consistency with the introduction. Explains results and whether hypothesis was supported.

Other Topics

  • Writing Documentation for Senior Projects

    • Templates exist for Computer Science and Engineering projects.
    • Templates include essential sections like Cover Page, Declaration of Originality, Acknowledgments, Abstract, List of Abbreviations, Table of Contents, List of Figures, List of Tables, Introduction, Research Plan, Literature Review, Methodology, Results and Discussion, Conclusion and Future Work, References, Appendix A, and Appendix B.

  • Declaration of Originality

    • The document must be entirely original work.
    • Any quoted texts must be clearly cited with no ambiguity of start and end points.
    • Citations are needed for illustrations, images, and tables.

  • Acknowledgements

    • Recognition or thanks for people who contributed to the work.

  • Abstract/Summary

    • Brief description of the project in a few paragraphs.
    • Should not exceed one page.

  • Motivations & Problem Statements

    • Explanation of the importance, difficulty, and potential impact of the project.
    • Articulate problem statements, scopes, and approaches clearly. Use specific examples or data.

  • Approach & Results

    • Detail the methodology used to solve the problem, emphasizing methods (e.g., simulations).
    • Provide quantification and precision in presenting results (e.g., percentage, numerical data).

  • Conclusions

    • Summarize the implications of the results.
    • Analyze whether results are general, specific, or useful.

  • Appendix and Code

    • Includes supporting evidence (e.g., raw data, sample calculations, figures, specifications).
    • Data presented in the appendix is summarized in the body of the text.

  • Timeline

    • A schedule/chart to track work progress over time.

  • Neatness and Presentation

    • Overall organization, formatting, and general document clarity are critical aspects of presentation.

  • Common Mistakes

    • Avoid first-person pronouns (I, we) in the writing.

  • Writing a Scientific Paper

    • Journals and publications are meant to advance scientific knowledge.
    • Submissions to journals generally require original empirical or theoretical findings.
    • Essential to properly cite your sources.

  • Research Proposal Structure (Possible sections)

    • Title and Acronym
    • Background
    • Scientific and Technical Quality
    • Implementation
    • Budget
    • People
    • Impact

  • Research Proposal Process (Steps)

    • Write proposal
    • Send to Funding Agency
    • Review
    • Accept/Reject

  • Primary/Secondary Scientific Publications (Distinctions and examples)

    • Primary publications involve new original work
    • Secondary publications summarize multiple research articles on a specific topic.

  • In-text & Reference Citations

    • In-text citations provide brief source information within the text.
    • Reference citations provide all detail for a source at the end of the document.

  • Journal Article Citation Elements

    • Author, date, article title
    • Journal title, volume, issue, and pages
    • Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
    • Place of publication, publisher, date, pagination
    • Conference title and place if applicable

  • IEEE paper format

  • Research Gate and similar resources are discussed.

  • PSUT Electronic Libraries and Google Scholar are mentioned as well as Assignment 3 as resources.

General Advice and Teamwork

  • Teamwork is essential.
  • Each team member should have a specific role in the team.
  • Time management and resources are fundamental for success.
  • Communication must be prioritized for effective teamwork.

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