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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of fibers in the human digestive system?
What is the meaning of the term 'hydrophilic'?
What is the primary source of energy for the body?
What are the building blocks of protein molecules?
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What is the term for the three-dimensional structure of a protein?
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What is the characteristic that distinguishes lipids from other biomolecules?
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What is the function of triglycerides in the body?
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What is the characteristic of waxes that makes them useful for protection?
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What is the function of phospholipids in the cell membrane?
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What is the term for the process by which proteins lose their three-dimensional structure?
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What is the benefit of carbohydrates being hydrophilic?
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What is the result of proteins being exposed to extreme pH or high temperature?
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What is the common component of all four types of lipids?
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What is the role of chaperone proteins in protein synthesis?
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What is the characteristic of lipids that makes them useful for storing energy?
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What is the function of steroids in the body?
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What is the level of protein structure that refers to the order of amino acids?
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What is the role of phospholipids in the cell membrane?
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What is the characteristic of carbohydrates that makes them sweet in taste?
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What is the benefit of fibers in the digestive system?
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Study Notes
Scientific Inquiry
- A scientific question typically falls into one of three categories: a verification question, a theory question, or an experimental question.
- A good scientific question must be objective and testable.
- Scientific questions may be answered using data that is measured or observed.
Experiments
- A scientific experiment is a method of studying the natural behavior and structure of the world.
- Experiments use the scientific method, a series of steps that includes observations, measurement, experimentation, and revision of a hypothesis to analyze the natural world.
- Variables in an experiment include:
- Independent variables: what scientists change in the experiment
- Dependent variables: what scientists measure in the experiment, or the outcome
- Controlled variables: features that are kept the same throughout the experiment
- Experiments also have controls, which are standards that assess the validity of the experiment.
Variables
- A variable is an aspect of an experiment that can be subject to change.
- The two main variables within a study are:
- Independent variable (x): the variable that is manipulated by the experimenter
- Dependent variable (y): the variable that indirectly changes due to the manipulation in the independent variable
- Other types of variables include:
- Confounding variables: act as an influencer that may have not been accounted for
- Extraneous variables: any and all factors that may contribute to the effect seen in the dependent variable
- Control and moderator variables: potential confounders that are kept constant for all participants, and variables that may affect the strength of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables
Experiment Design
- Experiments are sets of carefully designed protocols that aim to answer a question or confirm a theory.
- All experiments have at least one control group and one test group.
- Types of control groups include:
- Positive control groups: receive a treatment that is known to elicit a response
- Negative control groups: receive no treatment
- A placebo is a type of negative control.
Scientific Method
- The scientific method includes:
- Observation
- Question
- Research
- Hypothesis
- Experiment
- Analysis of data
- Conclusion
- A hypothesis is a statement that can be tested and proven to be either correct or incorrect.
- A scientific theory requires many different research projects proving it correct, leading to a scientific consensus about the conclusion.
Data Visualization
- Data visualization is used to organize data for a viewer to understand and analyze.
- Different forms of visualization are well-suited to different types of data, including:
- Bar graphs for discrete categories
- Line graphs for changes over time
- Pie charts for categories that comprise different parts of a whole
Argumentative Essay
- An argumentative essay includes:
- Introduction (claim)
- Body paragraphs (reasons, evidence, counterclaims)
- Conclusion (summary and look to the future)
- A claim statement answers a question posed by a writer in a paragraph or essay.
- Evidence is research, data, or textual evidence that supports the claim.
- Reasoning explains how and why the evidence supports the claim.
Models and Simulations
- A model is a representation of a system in its current state and our knowledge of it.
- Models can be used to make predictions about events that may occur in the future.
- Simulations are ways to use models to make predictions about events that may occur in the future.
- Types of models include:
- Mental models
- Expressive models
- Consensus models
- Physical models are constructed copies of an object that are designed to represent that object.
Macromolecules
- Carbohydrates are molecules made up of different combinations of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
- Types of carbohydrates include:
- Monosaccharides (simple sugars)
- Disaccharides (two saccharides)
- Oligosaccharides (three to 10 saccharides)
- Polysaccharides (more than 10 saccharides)
- Proteins are organic molecules made of amino acids, assembled into long chains called polypeptide chains.
- Lipids are biological molecules that are insoluble in water, including triglycerides, waxes, steroids, and phospholipids.
Scientific Inquiry
- A scientific question typically falls into one of three categories: a verification question, a theory question, or an experimental question.
- A good scientific question must be objective and testable.
- Scientific questions may be answered using data that is measured or observed.
Experiments
- A scientific experiment is a method of studying the natural behavior and structure of the world.
- Experiments use the scientific method, a series of steps that includes observations, measurement, experimentation, and revision of a hypothesis to analyze the natural world.
- Variables in an experiment include:
- Independent variables: what scientists change in the experiment
- Dependent variables: what scientists measure in the experiment, or the outcome
- Controlled variables: features that are kept the same throughout the experiment
- Experiments also have controls, which are standards that assess the validity of the experiment.
Variables
- A variable is an aspect of an experiment that can be subject to change.
- The two main variables within a study are:
- Independent variable (x): the variable that is manipulated by the experimenter
- Dependent variable (y): the variable that indirectly changes due to the manipulation in the independent variable
- Other types of variables include:
- Confounding variables: act as an influencer that may have not been accounted for
- Extraneous variables: any and all factors that may contribute to the effect seen in the dependent variable
- Control and moderator variables: potential confounders that are kept constant for all participants, and variables that may affect the strength of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables
Experiment Design
- Experiments are sets of carefully designed protocols that aim to answer a question or confirm a theory.
- All experiments have at least one control group and one test group.
- Types of control groups include:
- Positive control groups: receive a treatment that is known to elicit a response
- Negative control groups: receive no treatment
- A placebo is a type of negative control.
Scientific Method
- The scientific method includes:
- Observation
- Question
- Research
- Hypothesis
- Experiment
- Analysis of data
- Conclusion
- A hypothesis is a statement that can be tested and proven to be either correct or incorrect.
- A scientific theory requires many different research projects proving it correct, leading to a scientific consensus about the conclusion.
Data Visualization
- Data visualization is used to organize data for a viewer to understand and analyze.
- Different forms of visualization are well-suited to different types of data, including:
- Bar graphs for discrete categories
- Line graphs for changes over time
- Pie charts for categories that comprise different parts of a whole
Argumentative Essay
- An argumentative essay includes:
- Introduction (claim)
- Body paragraphs (reasons, evidence, counterclaims)
- Conclusion (summary and look to the future)
- A claim statement answers a question posed by a writer in a paragraph or essay.
- Evidence is research, data, or textual evidence that supports the claim.
- Reasoning explains how and why the evidence supports the claim.
Models and Simulations
- A model is a representation of a system in its current state and our knowledge of it.
- Models can be used to make predictions about events that may occur in the future.
- Simulations are ways to use models to make predictions about events that may occur in the future.
- Types of models include:
- Mental models
- Expressive models
- Consensus models
- Physical models are constructed copies of an object that are designed to represent that object.
Macromolecules
- Carbohydrates are molecules made up of different combinations of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
- Types of carbohydrates include:
- Monosaccharides (simple sugars)
- Disaccharides (two saccharides)
- Oligosaccharides (three to 10 saccharides)
- Polysaccharides (more than 10 saccharides)
- Proteins are organic molecules made of amino acids, assembled into long chains called polypeptide chains.
- Lipids are biological molecules that are insoluble in water, including triglycerides, waxes, steroids, and phospholipids.
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Description
Learn about the importance of designing scientific questions in inquiry and learning. Identify the three categories of scientific questions and understand their key characteristics.
