Designing Scientific Questions
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Questions and Answers

What do confounding variables do in the independent and dependent variable relationship?

  • Act as an influencer that may have not been accounted for (correct)
  • Act as a moderator variable
  • Represent the dependent variable
  • Help to identify the independent variable

    • What is the purpose of a negative control group in an experiment?

  • To test the effect of a known variable
  • To serve as a placebo
  • To receive no treatment and ensure that any observed response is due to the treatment (correct)
  • To receive a treatment that is known to elicit a response

    • Why is it important to control for multiple variables in an experiment?

  • To increase the likelihood of a treatment effect
  • To make the experiment more complex
  • To eliminate the possibility of confounding variables affecting the outcome (correct)
  • To reduce the number of participants needed

    • What is the role of a positive control group in an experiment?

    <p>To receive a treatment that is known to elicit a response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a control group and a test group in an experiment?

    <p>The control group receives no treatment, while the test group receives a novel treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main criterion for a good scientific experiment?

    <p>It answers a question and provides objective results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step in solving table problems efficiently?

    <p>Try to answer the question on your own before looking at the options</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the three rules for solving table problems?

    <p>To make it easier to solve the table problems efficiently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of simulations?

    <p>To use models to make predictions about future events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a good model?

    <p>It has explanatory and predictive power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of conceptual models?

    <p>They provide a point of reference for designers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of physical models?

    <p>They can be time-consuming to make and expensive to destroy and rebuild</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about carbon atoms in organic molecules?

    <p>They can participate in up to four chemical bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of carbohydrates in the human body?

    <p>To produce energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of polymers?

    <p>They are large, complex molecules made up of small repeating units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general formula for carbohydrates?

    <p>Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with hydrogen twice the number of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a monosaccharide?

    <p>A simple sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of starch in plants?

    <p>To store energy for plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of carbohydrates?

    <p>Hydrophilic and solid at room temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structure of a protein?

    <p>The order of amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to proteins when they are exposed to extreme pH or high temperature?

    <p>They lose their conformation and become inert</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lipids in the cell membrane?

    <p>To provide structure to the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of waxes?

    <p>To provide protection for plants and animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of lipids?

    <p>Insoluble in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of data visualization?

    <p>To make sense of the data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of an argumentative essay?

    <p>To persuade the audience to believe the author's claim</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does CER stand for in the context of writing?

    <p>Claim, Evidence, Reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the scientific method?

    <p>An observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a scientific theory?

    <p>A widely accepted explanation of a phenomenon based on many research projects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a model in the context of scientific knowledge?

    <p>A visualization of a system in its current state and our knowledge of it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a molecular model?

    <p>To predict an event, such as predicting what could happen if a molecule was introduced to the human body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a scientific theory and a scientific law?

    <p>A scientific theory is based on many research projects, while a scientific law is a short statement that proves how something is true</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of a scientific question?

    <p>It should be objective and testable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of variable is changed by the scientist in an experiment?

    <p>Independent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of controls in an experiment?

    <p>To assess the validity of the experiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of an experiment called?

    <p>Dependent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to focus on an independent variable and a dependent variable in a scientific question?

    <p>To make the question easier to understand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a scientific experiment?

    <p>To study the natural behavior and structure of the world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature that is kept the same throughout an experiment?

    <p>Controlled variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a variable in an experiment?

    <p>A feature that can be subject to change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of data visualization?

    <p>To organize data for a viewer to understand and analyze</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of an argumentative essay?

    <p>To persuade the audience to believe the author's claim</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does CER stand for in the context of writing?

    <p>Claim, Evidence, Reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the scientific method?

    <p>Observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a scientific theory?

    <p>It is a hypothesis that has been proven correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a molecular model?

    <p>To predict an event</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a scientific theory and a scientific law?

    <p>A law is always true, while a theory is not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a model in the context of scientific knowledge?

    <p>A visualization of a system in its current state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a monosaccharide and a polysaccharide?

    <p>The number of saccharides they are made of</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of chaperone proteins during protein synthesis?

    <p>To help with the folding of the protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of lipids?

    <p>They are composed of fatty acids and glycerol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of starch in plants?

    <p>To store energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to proteins when they are exposed to extreme pH or high temperature?

    <p>They denature and lose their conformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cell wall cellulose?

    <p>To provide structure to the plant cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of glycogen in animals?

    <p>To store energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of carbohydrates that makes them a preferred source of energy?

    <p>They are hydrophilic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a scientific experiment?

    <p>To analyze the natural behavior and structure of the world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main types of variables in an experiment?

    <p>Independent, dependent, and controlled variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a good scientific question?

    <p>It must be objective and testable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the independent variable in an experiment?

    <p>It is the variable that is changed by the scientist in the experiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of controls in an experiment?

    <p>To assess the validity of the experiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dependent variable in an experiment?

    <p>The variable that is measured in the experiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a variable in an experiment?

    <p>An aspect of an experiment that can be subject to change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of focusing on an independent variable and a dependent variable in a scientific question?

    <p>It makes the question more focused and easier to understand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment?

    <p>To compare the results with the test group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of variables can affect the strength of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables?

    <p>Moderator variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of a good scientific experiment?

    <p>To answer a question and provide objective results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of identifying trends in a chart?

    <p>To understand the relationship between the variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a transforming principle in an experiment?

    <p>To change bacteria from one strain to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using a negative control group in an experiment?

    <p>To ensure that any observed response is due to the treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of orienting yourself to the column headings and basic trends in a table?

    <p>To prepare for solving the problem efficiently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of following the three rules for solving table problems?

    <p>To think critically and avoid distractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of simulations?

    <p>To make predictions about future events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a main characteristic of a good model?

    <p>It has explanatory and predictive power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of conceptual models?

    <p>They are easier to understand and visualize</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of physical models?

    <p>They can be time-consuming to make and expensive to destroy and rebuild</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about carbon atoms in organic molecules?

    <p>They can participate in up to four chemical bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of carbohydrates in the human body?

    <p>To produce energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of polymers?

    <p>They are made up of small, repeating units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general formula for carbohydrates?

    <p>Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Scientific Inquiry and Experimentation

    • A scientific question typically falls into one of three categories: verification, theory, or experimental.
    • A good scientific question must be objective and testable.
    • Scientific questions should focus on an independent variable and a dependent variable.
    • Experiments use the scientific method, which includes observations, measurement, experimentation, and revision of a hypothesis.

    Variables in Experiments

    • A variable is an aspect of an experiment that can be subject to change.
    • The two main variables in a study are the independent variable (manipulated by the experimenter) and the dependent variable (indirectly changed due to the manipulation).
    • Other types of variables include confounding variables (influencers not accounted for), extraneous variables (contributing factors), control variables (kept constant), and moderator variables (affecting the relationship between independent and dependent variables).

    Experimental Design

    • Experiments involve at least one control group and one test group.
    • The control group is the standard against which comparisons are made.
    • There are two types of control groups: positive control groups (receive a treatment known to elicit a response) and negative control groups (receive no treatment).

    Scientific Method and Problem-Solving

    • The scientific method includes observation, question, research, hypothesis, experiment, data analysis, and conclusion.
    • Problems can be solved using tables and charts by following three rules: scanning the table, verifying concepts, and answering questions critically.

    Data Visualization and Argumentation

    • Data visualization helps organize data for analysis and understanding.
    • Different forms of visualization (bar graphs, line graphs, pie charts) are suited to different types of data.
    • An argumentative essay includes a claim, reasons, evidence, and counterclaims.
    • CER stands for claim, evidence, and reasoning, which are essential components of an effective argument.

    Models in Science

    • Models are integral to scientific knowledge and can be used to uncover information, concepts, and theories.
    • Models can be conceptual (visual representations), physical (constructed copies), or molecular (predicting events).
    • Models have characteristics such as explanatory and predictive power, consistency, and the ability to be used across content areas.

    Organic Molecules and Biological Compounds

    • Organic molecules are composed of carbon atoms attached to other atoms (hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen).
    • The four classes of organic molecules in the human body are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
    • Carbohydrates provide energy, lipids store energy and are involved in biological signaling, proteins are structural, and nucleic acid is responsible for genetic coding.

    Carbohydrates and Lipids

    • Carbohydrates are sugar molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
    • Types of carbohydrates include monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.
    • Lipids are biological molecules insoluble in water and include triglycerides, waxes, steroids, and phospholipids.
    • Lipids are used for energy storage, conduction in the nervous system, and hormone creation.

    Scientific Inquiry and Experimentation

    • A scientific question typically falls into one of three categories: verification, theory, or experimental.
    • A good scientific question must be objective and testable.
    • Scientific questions should focus on an independent variable and a dependent variable.
    • Experiments use the scientific method, which includes observations, measurement, experimentation, and revision of a hypothesis.

    Variables in Experiments

    • A variable is an aspect of an experiment that can be subject to change.
    • The two main variables in a study are the independent variable (manipulated by the experimenter) and the dependent variable (indirectly changed due to the manipulation).
    • Other types of variables include confounding variables (influencers not accounted for), extraneous variables (contributing factors), control variables (kept constant), and moderator variables (affecting the relationship between independent and dependent variables).

    Experimental Design

    • Experiments involve at least one control group and one test group.
    • The control group is the standard against which comparisons are made.
    • There are two types of control groups: positive control groups (receive a treatment known to elicit a response) and negative control groups (receive no treatment).

    Scientific Method and Problem-Solving

    • The scientific method includes observation, question, research, hypothesis, experiment, data analysis, and conclusion.
    • Problems can be solved using tables and charts by following three rules: scanning the table, verifying concepts, and answering questions critically.

    Data Visualization and Argumentation

    • Data visualization helps organize data for analysis and understanding.
    • Different forms of visualization (bar graphs, line graphs, pie charts) are suited to different types of data.
    • An argumentative essay includes a claim, reasons, evidence, and counterclaims.
    • CER stands for claim, evidence, and reasoning, which are essential components of an effective argument.

    Models in Science

    • Models are integral to scientific knowledge and can be used to uncover information, concepts, and theories.
    • Models can be conceptual (visual representations), physical (constructed copies), or molecular (predicting events).
    • Models have characteristics such as explanatory and predictive power, consistency, and the ability to be used across content areas.

    Organic Molecules and Biological Compounds

    • Organic molecules are composed of carbon atoms attached to other atoms (hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen).
    • The four classes of organic molecules in the human body are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
    • Carbohydrates provide energy, lipids store energy and are involved in biological signaling, proteins are structural, and nucleic acid is responsible for genetic coding.

    Carbohydrates and Lipids

    • Carbohydrates are sugar molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
    • Types of carbohydrates include monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.
    • Lipids are biological molecules insoluble in water and include triglycerides, waxes, steroids, and phospholipids.
    • Lipids are used for energy storage, conduction in the nervous system, and hormone creation.

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    Learn about the different types of scientific questions, including verification, theory, and experimental questions, and their key characteristics.

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