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Characteristics and Essentials of Scientific Papers

• Scientific papers must assess observations, repeat experiments, evaluate intellectual processes, have impact, and be available to the scientific community and screened by secondary services.
• Poor experimentation cannot be masked by brilliant writing, but poor writing can mask brilliant experimentation.
• The essential parts of a scientific paper include the title, abstract, introduction, materials, methods, results, discussion, conclusions, acknowledgement, and references.
• The indexing and abstracting of a paper depend on the accuracy of the title, which should be carefully considered and not contain abbreviations, chemical formulas, or terminologies.
• The abstract should summarize the major elements of the paper and follow the IMRAD structure, not exceeding 250 words and written in the past tense without citing any references.
• The introduction should review relevant literature, state the method of investigation, present the principal results and conclusions, use the active voice, and define specialized terms or abbreviations.
• The method should be written in the past tense, and materials should avoid using trade names of chemicals.
• The results section is the core of the paper, written in the past tense, and should be clearly and simply stated, with appropriate use of tables and figures.
• The discussion section should end with a short summary or conclusion regarding the significance of the work.
• Academic articles are written by experts, reviewed by other experts, and shared to support opinions and share information.
• Research posters summarize information or research concisely and attractively to generate discussion, with various layout types.
• Ethics in scientific and medical research involve ethical committees, determining the framework, and preventing unethical research practices, with penalties for violations and practices to achieve scientific integrity and justice.

Characteristics and Essentials of Scientific Papers

• Scientific papers must assess observations, repeat experiments, evaluate intellectual processes, have impact, and be available to the scientific community and screened by secondary services.
• Poor experimentation cannot be masked by brilliant writing, but poor writing can mask brilliant experimentation.
• The essential parts of a scientific paper include the title, abstract, introduction, materials, methods, results, discussion, conclusions, acknowledgement, and references.
• The indexing and abstracting of a paper depend on the accuracy of the title, which should be carefully considered and not contain abbreviations, chemical formulas, or terminologies.
• The abstract should summarize the major elements of the paper and follow the IMRAD structure, not exceeding 250 words and written in the past tense without citing any references.
• The introduction should review relevant literature, state the method of investigation, present the principal results and conclusions, use the active voice, and define specialized terms or abbreviations.
• The method should be written in the past tense, and materials should avoid using trade names of chemicals.
• The results section is the core of the paper, written in the past tense, and should be clearly and simply stated, with appropriate use of tables and figures.
• The discussion section should end with a short summary or conclusion regarding the significance of the work.
• Academic articles are written by experts, reviewed by other experts, and shared to support opinions and share information.
• Research posters summarize information or research concisely and attractively to generate discussion, with various layout types.
• Ethics in scientific and medical research involve ethical committees, determining the framework, and preventing unethical research practices, with penalties for violations and practices to achieve scientific integrity and justice.