Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the predicted outcome of this experiment?
What is the predicted outcome of this experiment?
What type of graph is appropriate for this dataset?
What type of graph is appropriate for this dataset?
What type of statistical analysis is appropriate for this dataset?
What type of statistical analysis is appropriate for this dataset?
Based on the statistical results, what is the conclusion of the study?
Based on the statistical results, what is the conclusion of the study?
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Which of the following is a possible confounding variable in this study?
Which of the following is a possible confounding variable in this study?
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How could blocking be used to address a potential confounding variable in this study?
How could blocking be used to address a potential confounding variable in this study?
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What is the null hypothesis for the statistical test?
What is the null hypothesis for the statistical test?
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What is the meaning of the p-value of 0.023?
What is the meaning of the p-value of 0.023?
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Which of the following is NOT a correct description of a hypothesis?
Which of the following is NOT a correct description of a hypothesis?
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Which of the following best describes the difference between an invasive species and an exotic species?
Which of the following best describes the difference between an invasive species and an exotic species?
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Which of the following terms describes a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and the roots of a plant?
Which of the following terms describes a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and the roots of a plant?
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Which of the following accurately describes the three ecological groups of earthworms?
Which of the following accurately describes the three ecological groups of earthworms?
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Why are there no native earthworms in northern Minnesota?
Why are there no native earthworms in northern Minnesota?
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Which of these reasons explains why earthworm identity and diversity may be more significant than earthworm biomass?
Which of these reasons explains why earthworm identity and diversity may be more significant than earthworm biomass?
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Why do different plant species respond differently to earthworm invasion?
Why do different plant species respond differently to earthworm invasion?
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What is the main reason for needing replication in scientific research?
What is the main reason for needing replication in scientific research?
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Flashcards
Flight Initiation Distance (FID)
Flight Initiation Distance (FID)
The distance at which an animal flees from an approaching threat.
Urban Squirrels vs Forest Squirrels
Urban Squirrels vs Forest Squirrels
A comparison of behavior between squirrels in urban areas and those in natural forests.
Independent Variable
Independent Variable
The factor that is manipulated in an experiment (e.g., habitat type).
Dependent Variable
Dependent Variable
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Null Hypothesis
Null Hypothesis
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P Value
P Value
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Observational Study Design
Observational Study Design
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Statistical Analysis
Statistical Analysis
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Hypothesis
Hypothesis
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Type 1 Error
Type 1 Error
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Blocking in Experimental Design
Blocking in Experimental Design
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Ecological Groups of Earthworms
Ecological Groups of Earthworms
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Study Notes
Scientific Method: Hypothesis Testing, Figures, Statistics
- The first step of the scientific method is generating a hypothesis to explain an observation.
- Distinguish the question, hypothesis, and prediction.
- Create a graph to visualize the predicted outcome of the hypothesis.
- Determine if the study is observational or experimental.
- Design an observational study to test the hypothesis.
- Identify the independent and dependent variables within the study design.
- Explain why the study is biologically significant.
- Determine the appropriate placement of a sentence within the Introduction section.
- Identify and address confounding variables, noting the impact on result interpretation.
- Clearly state the main finding from the figure.
- Select an appropriate figure type for the data.
- Choose the appropriate statistical analysis for the data.
- Describe the statistical test used, clearly identifying independent and dependent variables in the methods section.
- Write a results section that includes the effect direction and identification of independent and dependent variables.
- State what elements are missing from the figure caption.
- State the null hypothesis of the statistical test.
- Determine whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis based on results.
- Properly format the results statement from the statistical test.
- Explain the need for replication in scientific research.
- Explain blocking in experimental design and its role in solving research problems.
- Describe a blocked design to test a hypothesis.
- Define Type 1 error.
- Explain why measuring many variables on few subjects can yield statistically significant results, even if not meaningful.
- Define "P value".
Earthworms
- Label the parts of an earthworm.
- Describe how the three ecological groups of earthworms differ.
- Explain why earthworm identity and diversity are more significant than biomass.
- Provide 3 reasons why different plant species respond to earthworm invasion differently.
- Explain the absence of native earthworms in Northern Minnesota.
- Describe the earthworm life cycle.
- Define terms related to earthworms (Hale et al.), including secondary compounds, mycorrhizae, biomass, invasive species versus exotic species.
Practice Questions: Squirrel Behavior
- Predict the outcome of a squirrel behavior study based on provided hypothesis.
- Create a graph illustrating the predicted outcome.
- Identify the study as observational.
- Identify the independent and dependent variables (categorical or continuous).
- Suggest a potential confounding variable and explain its impact.
- Explain how blocking could address the confounding variable in the design.
- Select the appropriate type of figure based on the data.
- Describe the suitable statistical analysis for comparing flight initiation distances between urban and forest squirrels.
- Write a methods statement describing the statistical test without using the words "independent" or "dependent."
- Provide the results of the t-test.
- State the null hypothesis.
- State whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis.
- Write the results statement in the appropriate format.
- Define "p-value" in the context of the provided p-value (0.023).
- State a hypothesis related to ecological plant diversity and net primary production (NPP).
- Outline an observational study to test this hypothesis, ensuring inclusion of replication.
- Design an experiment to test the NPP hypothesis, with replication in the design.
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Description
This quiz explores the critical elements of the scientific method, focusing on hypothesis testing, statistical analyses, and study design. Participants will differentiate between questions, hypotheses, and predictions while learning to visualize and analyze data effectively. Gain insights into observational versus experimental studies and the significance of confounding variables in research.
