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Questions and Answers
How do you calculate the number of electrons in a charged ion?
How do you calculate the number of electrons in a charged ion?
Number of electrons = Number of protons - Charge
What is the atomic symbol and charge for magnesium in its ionic form?
What is the atomic symbol and charge for magnesium in its ionic form?
Mg+2
How many neutrons does a fluorine atom with an atomic mass of 19 and 9 protons have?
How many neutrons does a fluorine atom with an atomic mass of 19 and 9 protons have?
10
How many protons and electrons does a fluorine anion (F-) have?
How many protons and electrons does a fluorine anion (F-) have?
What type of ion is formed when an atom loses electrons?
What type of ion is formed when an atom loses electrons?
What is a star?
What is a star?
What causes the different moon phases?
What causes the different moon phases?
What are sunspots?
What are sunspots?
What is a reflecting telescope?
What is a reflecting telescope?
How does a solar flare occur?
How does a solar flare occur?
Is melting ice an example of a physical change or a chemical change?
Is melting ice an example of a physical change or a chemical change?
What type of matter is oxygen described as?
What type of matter is oxygen described as?
What is defined as anything that has mass and takes up space?
What is defined as anything that has mass and takes up space?
What is a proper format for a scientific investigative question?
What is a proper format for a scientific investigative question?
What is the effect of increasing the amount of air going into the trumpet?
What is the effect of increasing the amount of air going into the trumpet?
Identify the independent variable in the question: 'What is the effect of light intensity on pupil size?'
Identify the independent variable in the question: 'What is the effect of light intensity on pupil size?'
Identify three controlled variables for the experiment: 'What is the effect of light intensity on pupil size?'
Identify three controlled variables for the experiment: 'What is the effect of light intensity on pupil size?'
For the question 'What is the effect of increased driving speed on gasoline consumption?', what are some controlled variables?
For the question 'What is the effect of increased driving speed on gasoline consumption?', what are some controlled variables?
Identify the dependent variable in: 'What is the effect of increasing the frequency of teeth brushing on the amount of plaque buildup?'
Identify the dependent variable in: 'What is the effect of increasing the frequency of teeth brushing on the amount of plaque buildup?'
In Jim's experiment, what was the control group?
In Jim's experiment, what was the control group?
What should Jim's conclusion be based on his experiment's results?
What should Jim's conclusion be based on his experiment's results?
Describe what happens during the Interphase stage of mitosis.
Describe what happens during the Interphase stage of mitosis.
What is the main event that occurs during the Metaphase stage of mitosis?
What is the main event that occurs during the Metaphase stage of mitosis?
What are the significant changes that happen to the cell during Anaphase?
What are the significant changes that happen to the cell during Anaphase?
List one primary difference between mitosis and meiosis.
List one primary difference between mitosis and meiosis.
What are the three main points of the cell theory?
What are the three main points of the cell theory?
What are two forms of asexual reproduction?
What are two forms of asexual reproduction?
What surrounds the nucleus in a cell?
What surrounds the nucleus in a cell?
How many oxygen atoms are there in 4Al₂(CO₃)₃?
How many oxygen atoms are there in 4Al₂(CO₃)₃?
What is the role of mitochondria in a cell?
What is the role of mitochondria in a cell?
What is the total number of chlorine atoms in 3BaClâ‚‚?
What is the total number of chlorine atoms in 3BaClâ‚‚?
Describe the cytoplasm in a cell.
Describe the cytoplasm in a cell.
List the 3 laws of electric charges.
List the 3 laws of electric charges.
What is the plasma membrane's primary function in a cell?
What is the plasma membrane's primary function in a cell?
Explain the difference between static and current electricity.
Explain the difference between static and current electricity.
Determine the resistance of a circuit when a 120 V circuit has a current of 12 A.
Determine the resistance of a circuit when a 120 V circuit has a current of 12 A.
Calculate the current of a circuit with a voltage of 12 V and a resistance of 36 ohms.
Calculate the current of a circuit with a voltage of 12 V and a resistance of 36 ohms.
What is the function of the vas deferens in the male reproductive system?
What is the function of the vas deferens in the male reproductive system?
Where is sperm stored before ejaculation in the male reproductive system?
Where is sperm stored before ejaculation in the male reproductive system?
Which organ in the female reproductive system is responsible for housing a developing fetus?
Which organ in the female reproductive system is responsible for housing a developing fetus?
What is the role of the prostate gland in the male reproductive system?
What is the role of the prostate gland in the male reproductive system?
Which part of the female reproductive system is the site of fertilization?
Which part of the female reproductive system is the site of fertilization?
What is the time taken by the car to travel 10 meters?
What is the time taken by the car to travel 10 meters?
How far does the car travel in 29 seconds?
How far does the car travel in 29 seconds?
What distance does the car travel in the first 8 seconds?
What distance does the car travel in the first 8 seconds?
What is the overall slope of the graph?
What is the overall slope of the graph?
What symbol is represented by letter F in the graph symbols?
What symbol is represented by letter F in the graph symbols?
What is the phenotype for the genotype TT in cats, given that bobtail is recessive?
What is the phenotype for the genotype TT in cats, given that bobtail is recessive?
If a plant displays the Pp genotype, what color will its flowers be, given that purple is dominant?
If a plant displays the Pp genotype, what color will its flowers be, given that purple is dominant?
What is the phenotype for the genotype Hh in humans, considering hairy knuckles are dominant?
What is the phenotype for the genotype Hh in humans, considering hairy knuckles are dominant?
Describe the genotype of an individual with homozygous recessive traits for bobtail in cats.
Describe the genotype of an individual with homozygous recessive traits for bobtail in cats.
What are the possible genotypes of offspring if a female dog (Ff) mates with a pure recessive male dog (ff) for fur color?
What are the possible genotypes of offspring if a female dog (Ff) mates with a pure recessive male dog (ff) for fur color?
In fruit flies, what phenotype will result from a genotype of Ee if red eyes are dominant?
In fruit flies, what phenotype will result from a genotype of Ee if red eyes are dominant?
What is the percent of possible phenotype for grey fur in the offspring of a hybrid dominant female dog and a pure recessive male dog?
What is the percent of possible phenotype for grey fur in the offspring of a hybrid dominant female dog and a pure recessive male dog?
What is the phenotype outcome for the genotype HH in humans if hairy knuckles are dominant?
What is the phenotype outcome for the genotype HH in humans if hairy knuckles are dominant?
What is the energy consumption of a stove that has a consumption rating of 1.2 kW and is used for 14 hours?
What is the energy consumption of a stove that has a consumption rating of 1.2 kW and is used for 14 hours?
Calculate the energy consumption of a TV that uses 0.3 kW for 30 hours in one week.
Calculate the energy consumption of a TV that uses 0.3 kW for 30 hours in one week.
What is the cost of using a vacuum for 3 hours with a consumption rating of 3.2 kW if the power rate is $0.097 per kWh?
What is the cost of using a vacuum for 3 hours with a consumption rating of 3.2 kW if the power rate is $0.097 per kWh?
What is the efficiency of a refrigerator that consumes 100 J of energy every hour and uses only 13 J to cool?
What is the efficiency of a refrigerator that consumes 100 J of energy every hour and uses only 13 J to cool?
Which circuit component is represented by a '---' symbol?
Which circuit component is represented by a '---' symbol?
Which circuit component allows current to flow only in one direction, and is represented as 'Light emitting diode (led)'?
Which circuit component allows current to flow only in one direction, and is represented as 'Light emitting diode (led)'?
What does a cell symbol in a circuit diagram represent?
What does a cell symbol in a circuit diagram represent?
Which symbol represents a variable resistor in a circuit diagram?
Which symbol represents a variable resistor in a circuit diagram?
Study Notes
Scientific Method
- A scientific investigative question should be in the format: "What is the effect of increasing/decreasing the [variable] on the [outcome]?"
- Examples of scientific questions:
- What is the effect of increasing the amount you stretch a rubber band on the amount it stretches the next time you stretch it?
- What is the effect of increasing the amount of air going into the trumpet on the pitch it makes?
- What is the effect of decreasing the amount of wicks lit on the seed that the candle melts?
Variables
- Independent variables (IV): factors that are intentionally changed by the experimenter
- Dependent variables (DV): factors that are measured in response to the independent variable
- Controlled variables (CV): factors that are kept constant to ensure a fair test
- Examples of variables:
- IV: light intensity, driving speed, frequency of teeth brushing
- DV: pupil size, gasoline consumption, amount of plaque buildup
- CV: distance from the light source, type of vehicle, brand of toothpaste
Experimentation
- Jim's experiment: growing plants with and without red light to test the effect of red light on plant growth
- Control group: plants not exposed to red light
- Independent variable: red light
- Dependent variable: plant height
- Conclusion: red light does not necessarily cause plants to grow faster, but a larger sample size may be needed to draw a reliable conclusion
Science 9
Astronomy
- Definitions:
- Satellite: a celestial object that orbits a planet or star
- Moon phase: the different shapes of the moon as seen from Earth, caused by the changing angle of light from the sun
- Star: a giant ball of hot, glowing gas that produces its own light and heat
- Sunspots: dark, cooler areas on the sun's surface
- Solar prominence: a large, bright loop of gas that extends outward from the sun's surface
- Solar flare: a sudden release of energy from the sun's surface
- Magnitude: a measure of the brightness of a star or other celestial object
- Light spectra: the pattern of colors produced when light is separated by a prism
- Reflecting telescope: a telescope that uses a curved mirror to focus light
- Refracting telescope: a telescope that uses a curved lens to focus light
Matter
- Definition: anything that has mass and takes up space
- Examples of matter: solid, liquid, gas
Physical and Chemical Changes
- Physical changes: changes in state or form, but not in composition
- Examples: ice melting, chopping a carrot
- Chemical changes: changes in composition, resulting in a new substance
- Examples: burning a match, frying an egg
Elements
- Charged elements: elements with a positive or negative charge
- Examples: Magnesium (Mg+2), Cesium ( Cs+)
- Bohr model: a representation of an atom's structure, including protons, neutrons, and electrons
- Examples: Neon, Magnesium, Fluorine
Compounds
- Coefficients and subscripts: numbers used to describe the number of atoms in a compound
- Examples: Na₂CO₃, 3BaCl₂, 4Al₂(CO₃)₃
Electric Charges
- Laws of electric charges:
- Like charges repel each other
- Opposite charges attract each other
- Charged objects attract neutral objects
- Examples of electric charges:
- Balloons: like charges repel, opposite charges attract
Electricity
- Voltage, resistance, and current: related by the formula V = R x I
- Examples of electricity:
- Calculating voltage: V = 3 x 30 = 90
- Calculating current: I = 12 / 36 = 0.33
Mitosis
- Stages of mitosis:
- Interphase: DNA replication, nucleus, centrioles
- Prophase: centrioles, chromosomes
- Metaphase: spindle fibers, metaphase plate
- Anaphase: chromosomes, cell elongation
- Telophase: nuclear reformation
- Cytokinesis: cell division
Cell Theory
- Three points of the cell theory:
- All living things are made up of cells
- Cells are the basic units of life
- All cells come from pre-existing cells
Genetics
- Genotypes and phenotypes:
- Genotype: genetic makeup
- Phenotype: physical characteristic
- Examples of genetics:
- Purple flowers: Pp (hybrid dominant)
- Hairy knuckles: HH (pure dominant), Hh (hybrid dominant)
- Bobtail in cats: tt (pure recessive)
Genetics Problems
- Punnett squares:
- Example: dogs with grey and black fur
- Percent of possible genotypes and phenotypes
- Genotypes and phenotypes:
- Example: fruit flies with red and white eyes
- Percent of possible genotypes and phenotypes
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Practice creating investigatory questions for a scientific experiment involving elastic bands. Learn to formulate questions in the proper format, exploring the effects of stretching on rubber bands.
