Podcast
Questions and Answers
The scientific method stages are universally consistent across all scientific disciplines.
The scientific method stages are universally consistent across all scientific disciplines.
False (B)
The independent variable in an experiment is the factor being measured.
The independent variable in an experiment is the factor being measured.
False (B)
Empirical data is derived directly through experience or observation.
Empirical data is derived directly through experience or observation.
True (A)
SI units are based on the decimal system and differentiate large from small numbers using prefixes.
SI units are based on the decimal system and differentiate large from small numbers using prefixes.
Scientific theories are hypotheses that have been repeatedly confirmed through empirical research.
Scientific theories are hypotheses that have been repeatedly confirmed through empirical research.
Biases in an experiment always enhance the validity of the results.
Biases in an experiment always enhance the validity of the results.
The metric system is still reviewed by peers to maintain its standard of measurement.
The metric system is still reviewed by peers to maintain its standard of measurement.
A hypothesis becomes a theory immediately after a single successful experiment.
A hypothesis becomes a theory immediately after a single successful experiment.
In a conversion factor, the unit to be removed should be placed in the numerator.
In a conversion factor, the unit to be removed should be placed in the numerator.
All zeros after a non-zero non-decimal number are significant.
All zeros after a non-zero non-decimal number are significant.
Displacement is a scalar quantity because it only considers numerical magnitude.
Displacement is a scalar quantity because it only considers numerical magnitude.
Scientific notation uses a coefficient that is a one decimal real number.
Scientific notation uses a coefficient that is a one decimal real number.
Distance is defined as the length between the start and endpoints of an object's movement.
Distance is defined as the length between the start and endpoints of an object's movement.
Speed is calculated by dividing displacement by time.
Speed is calculated by dividing displacement by time.
To determine the significant figures, all zeros before the first non-zero digit are NOT significant.
To determine the significant figures, all zeros before the first non-zero digit are NOT significant.
Flashcards
Hypothesis
Hypothesis
A potential answer to a research question that can be tested with an experiment.
Scientific Method
Scientific Method
A systematic approach to gathering and analyzing information to answer questions about the natural world.
Empirical Data
Empirical Data
Data obtained through direct observation or experience during an experiment.
Significance
Significance
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Scientific Theory
Scientific Theory
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Independent Variable
Independent Variable
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Dependent Variable
Dependent Variable
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Peer Review
Peer Review
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Conversion Factor
Conversion Factor
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Significant Figures
Significant Figures
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Distance
Distance
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Displacement
Displacement
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Scalar Quantity
Scalar Quantity
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Vector Quantity
Vector Quantity
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Speed
Speed
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Study Notes
Scientific Method
- A series of steps used by scientists to answer questions
- The steps may vary but generally include:
- Question: The problem/question being investigated
- Background research: Previous data available
- Hypothesis: A testable potential answer
- Experiment: Testing the hypothesis
- Empirical data: Data from the experiment
- Conclusion: Support for or rejection of the hypothesis
- Independent variable: The factor being tested
- Dependent variable: The factor being measured
- Significance: Statistical analysis to determine if results are due to chance
- Peer review: Evaluation by other scientists to check validity
- Scientific theory: A hypothesis widely supported by evidence
- Biases: Possible influences that may affect results
International System of Units (SI)
-
The standard system of measurement (metric system)
-
Uses a decimal system (factor of 10)
-
Prefixes used to differentiate large and small numbers
-
SI units for physical quantities:
- Length: meter (m)
- Mass: kilogram (kg)
- Volume: cubic meter (m³)
- Density: kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³)
- Temperature: Kelvin (K)
-
Conversion factors needed to change units. Correctly positioning units in numerator and denominator to cancel out.
Significant Figures
- Used to determine the accuracy and precision of measured quantities
- Rules for determining significant figures:
- All non-zero digits are significant.
- Zeros between non-zero digits are significant.
- Zeros before the first non-zero digit are not significant.
- Zeros after a non-zero digit with a decimal point are significant.
- Zeros after a non-zero digit without a decimal point are not significant.
- Scientific notation: coefficient follows the same rules 1-5.
- Arithmetic operations follow the rule of the least precise measurement.
Scientific Notation
- Used to represent very large or very small numbers
- Format: coefficient × base¹⁰
- Coefficient is a decimal number between 1 and 10
- Coefficient decimal digits equal one less than significant figures.
Distance and Displacement
- Distance: Total length of the path traveled, regardless of direction.
- Scalar quantity (only magnitude).
- Displacement: Length between the starting and ending points, considering direction.
- Vector quantity (magnitude and direction)
Speed and Velocity
- Speed: Distance divided by time (scalar)
- Velocity: Displacement divided by time (vector)
- Average speed/velocity calculated using total distance/displacement and total time.
- Instantaneous speed/velocity is calculated using calculus.
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