Scientific Method and Definitions

what is known about the universe and the methods used to obtain knowledge

anyone

use senses to make observations

<p>to extend the range of the senses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>indirect</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He is not testable using our senses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identify the problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>dependent variable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>null</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>quantitative</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>control</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>energy levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>outer energy level electrons are gained and lost (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>losing an outer energy level electron</p> Signup and view all the answers

The systematic study of the natural world through observation, experimentation, and the formulation of testable explanations.

An observation that has been repeatedly confirmed and is widely accepted as true.

A systematic approach to gaining knowledge that involves observation, hypothesis formation, experimentation, data analysis, and conclusion.

A testable prediction or explanation for an observation.

A group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment being tested, serving as a baseline for comparison.

The factor being measured or observed in an experiment, which is expected to change in response to the independent variable.

The factor that is manipulated or changed by the experimenter in an experiment.

The smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element.

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

A chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

A chemical bond formed by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

A polar molecule essential for life, serving as a solvent, transporting substances, and regulating temperature.

An organic molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, primarily used as a source of energy.

A fatty, waxy, or oily organic molecule that is insoluble in water, serving as a source of energy and structural components.

A large, complex organic molecule composed of amino acids, serving as structural components, enzymes, and hormones.

A complex organic molecule composed of nucleotides, carrying genetic information.

The basic unit of life, enclosed by a membrane and containing genetic material.

A selectively permeable barrier that encloses the cell, regulating the passage of substances.

The gel-like substance within the cell membrane, excluding the nucleus.

The control center of the cell, containing the genetic material (DNA).

Organelles responsible for protein synthesis.

A network of membranous tubules and sacs involved in protein synthesis, lipid synthesis, and detoxification.

Organelles that modify, package, and distribute proteins and lipids.

Organelles responsible for cellular respiration, the process of converting glucose into energy (ATP).

Organelles found in plant cells, responsible for photosynthesis, the process of converting light energy into chemical energy.

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.

The movement of molecules across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy.

A biological catalyst that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.

The molecule upon which an enzyme acts.

Adenosine triphosphate, the primary energy currency of cells.

The process by which cells break down glucose to release energy, primarily in the form of ATP.

The first stage of cellular respiration, occurring in the cytoplasm, where glucose is broken down into pyruvate.

The second stage of cellular respiration, occurring in the mitochondria, where pyruvate is further broken down, producing ATP, NADH, and FADH2.

The final stage of cellular respiration, occurring in the mitochondria, where electrons are passed along a series of protein carriers, generating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.

The process by which plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

The green pigment found in plants, responsible for absorbing light energy during photosynthesis.

The second stage of photosynthesis, occurring in the stroma of the chloroplast, where carbon dioxide is converted into glucose.

The first stage of photosynthesis, occurring in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast, where light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.