Questions and Answers
What is the rigid outermost shell of the Earth composed of?
Which of the following statements correctly describes continental crust?
Which theory suggests that all pieces of land are continuously moving?
What do you call the layer of Earth that is composed of the crust and the upper mantle?
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The movement of the lithosphere is called __________.
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Which is the correct arrangement of the layers of the Earth from the innermost?
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What is the name of the waves given off by an earthquake?
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An instrument that detects and measures earthquakes is called a:
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How many seismograph stations are needed to locate the epicenter of an earthquake?
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How will you relate the distribution of mountain ranges with the distribution of earthquake epicenters and volcanoes?
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What is being determined when provided with data showing the arrival time of the P and S-waves from three seismic stations?
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Why is it that the 8 seconds in the formula of getting the distance of the epicenter, $d = (Td/8s)$ for 100km, is constant?
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If Plates A and B show a divergent boundary, what type of plate boundary is present between Plate A and Plate C, which does not show any relative motion?
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Plates move away from one another at __________ boundaries.
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Plates slide past one another at ____________ boundaries.
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What kind of plate boundary is shown in Figure A?
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Plates move towards one another at ______________ boundaries.
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What kind of plate boundary is shown in Figure B?
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If a rift valley is found in the middle of an island, what type of plate boundary exists on that island?
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When two tectonic plates collide, the oceanic crust usually subducts beneath the continental crust because it is _____________.
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Study Notes
Earth's Structure and Composition
- The Earth's rigid outermost shell is called the Lithosphere, comprising the crust and the upper mantle.
- Continental crust is less dense and thicker than oceanic crust.
- The Plate Tectonics theory explains that land masses are in constant motion, leading to geological features like volcanoes and mountains.
Layers of the Earth
- The Earth's layers in order from the innermost are Inner Core, Outer Core, Mantle, and Crust.
- The layer composed of the crust and upper mantle is referred to as the Lithosphere.
Earthquake Science
- Earthquake-generated waves are known as Seismic Waves.
- An instrument for detecting and measuring earthquakes is a Seismograph.
- To locate the epicenter of an earthquake, data from three seismograph stations is required.
Analyzing Earthquake Data
- Arrival times of P and S waves help determine the location of the epicenter.
- The time difference of 8 seconds in the formula for calculating epicenter distance (d = Td/8s per 100 km) is due to a consistent distance relationship in seismic data.
Plate Boundaries
- Plates move apart at divergent boundaries; they collide at convergent boundaries; and they slide past one another at transform boundaries.
- A transform fault occurs where adjacent plates show no relative motion.
- A rift valley indicates a divergent boundary.
- When oceanic and continental crusts collide, the denser oceanic crust typically subducts beneath the continental crust.
Key Terms
- Seismic Waves: Energy waves produced by earthquakes.
- Seismograph: Tool used to record seismic activity.
- Epicenter: The point on the Earth's surface directly above where an earthquake originates.
- Plate Tectonics: Theory describing the movement of the Earth's plates and its geological implications.
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Description
This quiz tests knowledge from the first quarter of 10th-grade science. Students will answer multiple-choice questions focusing on the Earth's structure and other foundational science concepts. Prepare to demonstrate your understanding of key scientific principles.
