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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of a scientific model?
What is the primary purpose of a scientific model?
Which statement best describes a scientific theory?
Which statement best describes a scientific theory?
What is the difference between mass and weight?
What is the difference between mass and weight?
Which of the following best describes velocity?
Which of the following best describes velocity?
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What is meant by the term 'net force'?
What is meant by the term 'net force'?
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How are balanced forces defined?
How are balanced forces defined?
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What is terminal velocity dependent on?
What is terminal velocity dependent on?
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What does Newton's second law of motion state?
What does Newton's second law of motion state?
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Study Notes
Categories of Science
- Three main categories: Physical Science, Life Science, Earth and Space Science.
Scientific Method
- Six steps: Observation, Question, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analysis, Conclusion.
Variables
- Three types of variables: Independent Variable, Dependent Variable, Controlled Variables.
Hypothesis Review
- Peer review process helps prevent bias in scientific research.
Models
- Models represent concepts, systems, or phenomena to simplify complex ideas for analysis and understanding.
Scientific Law vs. Scientific Theory
- Scientific laws describe observed phenomena, while scientific theories explain underlying mechanisms.
Standards
- Standards are established criteria for measurements and comparisons in science.
SI Units
- SI is abbreviated for International System of Units, the standard measurement system in science.
Volume
- Volume is the amount of space occupied by an object.
Matter
- Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
Mass
- Mass is the measure of the amount of matter in an object.
Density
- Density is mass per unit volume. Calculated by dividing mass by volume (Density = Mass/Volume).
Technology
- Technology includes tools, systems, processes, and methods that solve problems or enhance capabilities.
Relationship Between Society and Science
- Science influences society through technological advances, policy decisions, and addressing societal issues.
Motion
- Motion refers to the change in an object's position over time.
Displacement
- Displacement is the shortest distance from an object's initial to final position, along with direction.
Adding Displacement
- When adding displacements, sum vectors considering their direction; parallel vectors add directly, while opposite vectors subtract.
Speed
- Speed is the distance traveled per unit of time, indicating how fast an object moves.
Rate
- Rate measures how one quantity changes concerning another, often expressed in units per time.
Velocity
- Velocity is the speed of an object in a specific direction.
Acceleration
- Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity over time; it indicates how quickly speeds change.
Force vs. Net Force
- Force is a push or pull on an object, while net force is the total force acting on an object after all forces are combined.
Balanced vs. Unbalanced Forces
- Balanced forces result in no change in motion; unbalanced forces cause a change in motion.
Friction
- Friction is the resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another.
Gravity
- Gravity is the force of attraction between objects with mass, proportional to their mass and distance apart.
Basic Forces
- Four basic forces: Gravitational, Electromagnetic, Strong Nuclear, Weak Nuclear.
Field
- A field is a region in which a physical quantity, like force or energy, is present.
Weight
- Weight is the force of gravity acting on an object's mass.
Mass vs. Weight
- Mass measures matter in an object; weight is mass affected by gravity, and they differ based on gravitational force.
Newton's Laws of Motion
- Newton's first law (law of inertia) states an object at rest stays at rest unless acted on by an external force.
- Newton's second law of motion relates force, mass, and acceleration (F=ma).
- Newton's third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Air Resistance
- Air resistance is a type of friction that opposes the motion of an object through air.
Terminal Velocity
- Terminal velocity is the maximum speed of a falling object, dependent on mass, shape, and drag force.
Free Fall
- The only force acting on an object in free fall is gravity.
Centripetal Forces
- Centripetal forces are directed towards the center of a circular path, causing circular motion.
Conservation of Momentum
- The law of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum in an isolated system remains constant.
Practice Problems
- Identifying unknowns and knowns is crucial for solving motion and momentum problems, along with setting up relevant equations.
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Description
This quiz covers fundamental concepts from Unit 1 of your science curriculum. Test your understanding of categories of science, the scientific method, variables, models, and the distinctions between scientific theories and laws. Perfect for review before exams.
