Introduction to Science Concepts

Definition of Science

• Systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge.
• Involves observation, experimentation, and analysis.

Key Branches of Science

1. Physical Sciences

   • Study of non-living systems (e.g., physics, chemistry).

2. Life Sciences

   • Study of living systems (e.g., biology, ecology).

3. Earth Sciences

   • Study of Earth and its processes (e.g., geology, meteorology).

Scientific Method

1. Observation

   • Gathering information through senses.

2. Hypothesis

   • Formulating a testable explanation.

3. Experimentation

   • Testing the hypothesis with controlled experiments.

4. Analysis

   • Interpreting data collected from experiments.

5. Conclusion

   • Determining if the hypothesis is supported or rejected.

6. Communication

   • Sharing findings with the scientific community.

Characteristics of Scientific Knowledge

• Empirical: Based on observable and measurable evidence.
• Testable: Hypotheses must be falsifiable.
• Replicable: Experiments should yield consistent results.
• Provisional: Knowledge is subject to change with new evidence.

Types of Scientific Inquiry

• Descriptive Research: Observing and describing phenomena.
• Experimental Research: Testing hypotheses through controlled conditions.

Role of Technology in Science

• Enhances data collection and analysis (e.g., microscopes, computers).
• Facilitates communication and collaboration among scientists.

Importance of Science

• Drives innovation and solutions to global challenges (e.g., health, environment).
• Informs policy-making and public understanding.

Ethics in Science

• Ensures integrity in research (e.g., avoiding fraud, ensuring safety).
• Promotes responsibility toward society and the environment.