Science Test 8-1: Mitosis Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is mitosis?

Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.

What types of cells do not undergo mitosis?

Sperm cells and egg cells.

How is mitosis important for your body?

It helps you heal, grow, and replace cells.

In mitosis, the cells that are created are?

<p>Identical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would occur if cells were in mitosis more than they were in interphase?

<p>It will cause more and more cells that can cause cancer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a chromosome made of?

<p>DNA and protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes should be in each diploid cell after mitosis in humans?

<p>46 chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is asexual reproduction?

<p>Asexual reproduction is when an organism is reproduced by only one organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for an organism to go 'extinct'?

<p>If the members of the species did not reproduce or were unable to reproduce, the species would become extinct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four different types of asexual reproduction?

<p>Fission, Budding, Vegetative reproduction, Fragmentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is sexual reproduction?

<p>In sexual reproduction, each parent contributes one sex cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the reproductive cells in male and female humans?

<p>The female sex cell is called the egg, and the male sex cell is called the sperm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of organisms reproduce sexually?

<p>Animals and humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organisms can perform both sexual and asexual reproduction?

<p>Starfish, Slugs, Strawberries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of asexual reproduction?

<p>Reproduction that does not require mixing genetic material, allowing the creation of a genetic clone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reproduction happens more quickly?

<p>Asexual reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reproduction provides genetic diversity to a population?

<p>Sexual reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Red Queen Hypothesis?

<p>'It takes all the running you can do to keep in the same place.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during prophase?

<p>Chromosomes are condensing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during metaphase?

<p>Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, nucleus disassembled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during anaphase?

<p>Chromosomes move away, spindles help do that.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during telophase?

<p>Nuclear membranes form around the chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cytokinesis?

<p>Cell membrane pinches off and becomes two cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does prophase look like?

<p>Chromosomes in the middle with a nucleus circle around chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does metaphase look like?

<p>Chromosomes in the middle around a big circle, not a nucleus circle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does anaphase look like?

<p>Chromosomes are being pulled apart by spindles around a big circle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does telophase look like?

<p>Two circles connected in the middle with nucleus circles on both sides and chromosomes in the middle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is not a reason cells go through mitosis?

<p>To reproduce.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle contains the DNA of a cell?

<p>Nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which life process involves the release of energy?

<p>Respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a need of living things?

<p>Weather.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which life process involves food-getting and food-making?

<p>Nutrition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage do two nuclear membranes surround the separated chromosomes?

<p>Telophase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage do spindles pull the chromosomes apart?

<p>Anaphase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

After mitosis occurs, the two new cells are?

<p>Identical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

About how much of the cell cycle does mitosis take up?

<p>10%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mitosis occurs in what type of cell?

<p>Somatic/body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for when the cell splits into two?

<p>Cytokinesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

During this phase of mitosis, the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?

<p>Metaphase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for the longest part of the cell cycle?

<p>Interphase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Animal cells do not have?

<p>Cell wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

To produce asexual offspring, you only need?

<p>One parent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

To produce sexual offspring, you need?

<p>Two parents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reproduction is faster?

<p>Asexually.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reproduction needs sex cells to reproduce?

<p>Sexual reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sexual reproduction allows for?

<p>Adaptation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Offspring are identical to the parent in?

<p>Asexual reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reproduction divides organisms?

<p>Asexual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The male cell decides gender in?

<p>Sexual reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Offspring is unique in?

<p>Sexual reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In both asexual and sexual reproduction, they both can?

<p>Prevent extinction, need parent cells, and produce offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

An advantage of asexual reproduction is?

<p>Every organism which reproduces asexually can reproduce without having to find a mate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A disadvantage of asexual reproduction is?

<p>It is cloning, and only one organism is created, if a disease comes in contact with the organism, it can wipe out an entire population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

An advantage of sexual reproduction is?

<p>Sexual reproduction allows the offspring to adapt to a changing environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A disadvantage of sexual reproduction is?

<p>You have to find a mate, and combining DNA gives offspring the best and worst sides of both parents, resulting in a slower rate of reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is budding?

<p>Offspring grows on the parent and detaches when mature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is fission?

<p>When the parent splits into two offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is vegetation?

<p>A cutting of a plant or parent grows into an individual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is parthenogenesis?

<p>When the egg of an adult can become offspring without fertilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Yeast eats the?

<p>Sugar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What gets its energy from sugar?

<p>Yeast and warm water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is digestion?

<p>Breaks down food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is nutrition?

<p>Food getting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is preparation?

<p>Creates energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mitosis

  • Mitosis is a cell division process resulting in two identical daughter cells.
  • Essential for growth, healing, and tissue replacement.
  • In humans, each diploid cell contains 46 chromosomes post-mitosis.
  • Chromosomes consist of DNA and protein.
  • Mitosis is a small part of the cell cycle, representing about 10% of it.

Types of Cells

  • Somatic cells undergo mitosis.
  • Sperm and egg cells do not undergo mitosis.

Stages of Mitosis

  • Prophase: Chromosomes condense and become visible.
  • Metaphase: Chromosomes align in the middle of the cell; the nucleus disassembles.
  • Anaphase: Chromosomes move away from each other, assisted by spindle fibers.
  • Telophase: Two nuclear membranes form around separated chromosomes.
  • Cytokinesis: Cell splits into two daughter cells.

Asexual and Sexual Reproduction

  • Asexual reproduction involves one organism, resulting in clones.
  • Sexual reproduction requires two organisms contributing genetic material.
  • Organisms like starfish and strawberries can reproduce both ways.
  • Asexual reproduction is faster and does not require finding a mate.
  • Disadvantages of asexual reproduction include vulnerability to diseases.
  • Advantages of sexual reproduction include genetic diversity and adaptive potential.

Specific Features of Reproduction

  • In sexual reproduction, the female reproductive cell is the egg, and the male is the sperm.
  • Offspring from asexual reproduction are identical to the parent.
  • Male cells determine offspring gender in sexual reproduction.

Advantages and Disadvantages

  • Asexual reproduction permits rapid reproduction without a mate.
  • Sexual reproduction enables adaptation to environmental changes but is slower and requires mate interaction.

Unique Reproductive Methods

  • Fission: Parent splits into two offspring.
  • Budding: Offspring grows on the parent and detaches when mature.
  • Vegetative reproduction: Cutting from a plant develops into a new individual.
  • Parthenogenesis: Egg develops into offspring without fertilization.

Biological Functions

  • Respiration involves energy release, while nutrition encompasses food intake and processing.
  • Digestion refers to the breakdown of food for energy.

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Test your knowledge about mitosis with these flashcards. This quiz covers the definition, types of cells involved, and the importance of mitosis in body growth. Perfect for students in grade 8 science classes.

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