Questions and Answers
What stage before mitosis is this?
Interphase
What stage of mitosis is this?
Prophase
What stage of mitosis is this?
Prometaphase
What stage of mitosis is this?
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What stage of mitosis is this?
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What stages of mitosis are these?
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What stage makes up 90% of the cell cycle?
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What stage of mitosis is it when a cell's metabolic activity is very high and the cell performs its various functions within the organism?
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In what stage of mitosis do chromosomes duplicate?
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What are the 5 stages of the mitotic phase?
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What is happening during prophase?
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What is happening during prometaphase?
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What is happening during metaphase?
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What is happening during anaphase?
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What is happening during telophase?
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What is A? B?
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What is the longest stage of mitosis?
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What is A?
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The phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes move toward separate poles of the cell is ____.
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Study Notes
Mitosis Overview
- Mitosis is the process of cell division resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells.
- It consists of five distinct stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Interphase
- Interphase precedes mitosis, making up approximately 90% of the cell cycle.
- In interphase, a cell's metabolic activity is high, performing its various functions.
- Chromosomes duplicate during interphase, preparing for mitosis.
Prophase
- Microtubules emerge from centrosomes in the cytoplasm, forming the spindle apparatus.
- Chromosomes coil and condense, becoming visible under a microscope; nucleoli disappear.
Prometaphase
- The nuclear envelope breaks down, allowing microtubules to interact with chromosomes.
- Spindle microtubules attach to chromatids, moving them toward the cell's center via motor proteins.
Metaphase
- The mitotic spindle is fully established, with chromosomes aligning at the cell equator.
- This stage is the longest phase of mitosis, ensuring proper alignment before separation.
Anaphase
- Sister chromatids separate at centromeres; daughter chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles.
- Kinetochore microtubules shorten, while nonkinetochore microtubules elongate, causing cell elongation.
Telophase and Cytokinesis
- The nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes at the poles, creating daughter nuclei.
- Chromatin begins to uncoil, nucleoli reappear, and the spindle apparatus disassembles.
- Cytokinesis typically occurs alongside telophase, characterized by the formation of a cleavage furrow in animal cells.
Centrioles and Centrosomes
- Centrioles are cylindrical structures located within centrosomes, assisting in the formation of the spindle apparatus.
- Centrosomes serve as the main organizing centers for microtubules during cell division.
Key Terms
- Cleavage furrow: A narrow indentation in the cell membrane during cytokinesis, facilitating division into two cells.
- Anaphase is defined as the stage where chromosomes move toward opposite poles of the cell.
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Test your knowledge on the stages of mitosis with these flashcards! Each card provides a term related to mitosis, asking you to identify the specific stage. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of cell division.
