Science, Technology, and Society

• Module 1 discusses the historical antecedents in science and technology.

Science

• Science involves the systematic study of the natural world through observation, experimentation, and analysis to understand how things work.
• Scientists study plant growth by observing and experimenting with sunlight and water, then analyzing their findings.

Technology

• Technology is the application of scientific knowledge to create tools, products, and systems that solve problems and improve lives.
• Hydroponic systems, developed from plant growth knowledge, allow plants to grow without soil, providing food in limited-resource areas.

Society

• A society is a group of people living together with shared customs and laws.
• Hydroponics can help address food shortages in urban areas, improving the lives of people living in cities with fresh output.

Interaction of Science, Technology, and Society

• Science discovers new knowledge.
• Technology applies this knowledge to create useful things.
• Society uses the technologies, which can lead to new cultural and social changes.

General Outline of Historical Periods

Prehistoric Period

• Basic tools were developed, fire was discovered, transitioning societies from hunter-gatherer to agricultural.

Ancient Civilizations

• Major civilizations like Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China saw advancements in agriculture, architecture, writing, mathematics, and astronomy.

Classical Period

• Ancient Greece and Rome achieved breakthroughs in philosophy, mathematics, engineering, and medicine.

Middle Ages

• Agricultural advancements, feudalism's rise, and knowledge preservation in monasteries characterized this period.

Renaissance

• Cultural and intellectual rebirth led to renewed interest in classical learning and scientific inquiry.

Scientific Revolution

• Groundbreaking discoveries in astronomy, physics, and mathematics laid the foundation for modern science.

Industrial Revolution

• Rapid technological advancements in manufacturing, transportation, and communication occurred.

Modern Era

• Breakthroughs in electricity, electronics, and nuclear power occurred during the 19th and 20th centuries.

Information Age

• The dominance of digital technologies and the internet is a hallmark of this contemporary period.

Paradigm Shift

• A paradigm shift, coined by Thomas Kuhn, signifies a dramatic change in basic assumptions and thinking.

Shift from Geocentrism to Heliocentrism

• During the Renaissance when Nicolaus Copernicus proposed the heliocentric model, it marked a shift in understanding celestial motions and laid the foundation for modern astronomy.

Scientific Revolution (Paradigm Shift)

• The Scientific Revolution introduced empirical observations and experimentation as key methods of inquiry challenging conventional thought patterns.
• Figures like Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler pioneered novel approaches to understanding planetary motion and physics.

Industrial Revolution (Paradigm Shift)

• The Industrial Revolution changed societies to industrialized economies transforming societies from agrarian.
• Innovations in machinery, steam power, and mass production revolutionized manufacturing, leading to urbanization and profound societal changes.

Theory of Evolution

• According to Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, species evolve over time through adaptation and natural selection.

Quantum Mechanics

• Quantum mechanics introduced wave-particle duality with the concepts like quantization.

Digital Revolution

• The digital revolution transformed communication, data processing, and information sharing.

Emergence of Artificial Intelligence

• AI encompasses machine learning, data analysis, and decision-making.

Filipino Inventions

• MYKL Kiti-Kitix by Mr. Lyle Herbosa
• BIOTEK M Dengue Aqua Kit by Dr. Raul Destura
• FISH I by Dr. Prospero Naval, Jr. and Dr. Laura T. David
• PORTASOL by Mr. Francisco Pagayon
• BIOLEXIS GASIFIER STOVE