Science, Technology, and Society

• Science, Technology, and Society (STS) is an interdisciplinary field.
• STS studies how scientific knowledge and technological innovations affect society.
• Societal values, needs, and structures influence the development and use of science and technology.
• Science, technology, and society are interconnected and mutually shape each other.
• Renewable energy sources include solar, wind, and hydroelectric power.
• Renewable energy reduces dependence on fossil fuels.

Meso-American Contributions

• Meso-American civilizations, including the Maya, Aztecs, and Incas, significantly contributed to science and engineering.
• The Mayan calendar was based on precise astronomical calculations.
• The Maya independently developed the concept of zero in mathematics.
• The Inca engineered the Machu Picchu water system, which remains functional.

African Contributions

• African civilizations contributed to medicine, engineering, and education.
• Ancient Egyptian surgery involved early cataract removal and prosthetics.
• Timbuktu University was one of the oldest learning centers.
• Advanced metalwork techniques in West Africa involved iron smelting technology.
• Eudaimonia is the highest human good, achieved through virtue, knowledge, and purpose.
• Transhumanism enhances human abilities through technology, such as brain implants or genetic modifications.
• Technology's impact on agriculture increases efficiency, productivity, and sustainability.
• Advancements include precision farming, biotechnology, automation, and data analytics.
• Food security and economic opportunities are ultimately improved.
• Automation in manufacturing leads to job displacement.
• Climate science helps humanity by predicting weather patterns.
• Science and technology contribute to sustainability by developing green technology like solar panels.
• Project NOAH (Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards) is a disaster risk reduction initiative.
• Project NOAH provides real-time weather data and flood forecasting for preventive measures.
• Human flourishing is realizing a person's full potential in terms of well-being, happiness, and fulfillment.
• Ethics in technological advancement ensures innovations are used responsibly and benefit humanity without harm.
• Dr. Fe del Mundo was a pioneering pediatrician.
• Dr. Fe del Mundo was the first woman admitted to Harvard Medical School and invented the incubator.
• Nuclear energy provides clean power.
• Batteries are a preventive measure to radiation and waste disposal.
• Sigmund Freud explored the unconscious mind in human psychology.
• Freud introduced psychoanalysis, influenced by the unconscious mind.
• Challenges in space exploration include high costs, medical concerns, and debates about prioritizing Earth's problems first.
• Indigenous technologies in the Philippines include the Banaue Rice Terraces, herbal medicines, and traditional fishing techniques.
• Space exploration expands human knowledge, discovers new resources, and potentially finds habitable planets.
• Utilitarianism says the good life is about maximizing happiness for the greatest number of people.
• The belief is that the best action maximizes happiness for the greatest number of people.
• The ethical dilemma of AI in medicine questions whether AI should be trusted to make life and death medical decisions.
• Ethical considerations in genetic engineering encompass issues like altering human DNA, cloning, and genetic privacy concerns.
• Society influences scientific research and technology development by aligning research with societal needs through technology.
• Automation increases work efficiency and impacts job displacement.
• The Philippine Space Program develops space technology, including launching Diwata and Maya satellites.
• Science in food production increases agricultural efficiency and food security.
• Renewable energy gains popularity because it reduces carbon emissions and reliance on fossil fuels.
• Philippine Science High School was established to enhance, develop, and train future scientists and engineers.
• Ethics in technological advancement ensures innovation is used responsibly and benefits society.
• The significance of the human genome ("human genes," "human DNA") allows advancements in genetic medicine and research.
• Government should invest in science and technology to drive national progress and economic growth.
• The Green Revolution promoted agricultural innovations to increase food production and ensure national food security.
• The Green Revolution introduced hybrid rice, pesticides, and fertilizers to increase yields and reduce poverty among rural populations.
• Pre-colonial Filipinos practiced herbal medicine, traditional hilot, hagdan hagandang palayan, bahay kubo, and astronomy based on weather observation.
• Asian civilizations contributed paper, the compass, and gunpowder to science.
• E-commerce changes business by decreasing the need for physical online presence.
• Algebra, developed by Al-Khwarizmi, forms the basis of modern mathematics.