Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of goggles in a laboratory setting?
What is the primary function of goggles in a laboratory setting?
- To mix substances and chemicals
- To dispose of hazardous materials
- To protect hands from chemicals
- To protect eyes from chemicals and hazardous materials (correct)
The NFPA symbols indicate the level of hazard of a substance in four areas: health, flammability, reactivity, and physical hazard.
The NFPA symbols indicate the level of hazard of a substance in four areas: health, flammability, reactivity, and physical hazard.
True (A)
What is the primary purpose of WHMIS symbols?
What is the primary purpose of WHMIS symbols?
To identify the hazards of a substance
The periodic table is arranged in rows called ______________.
The periodic table is arranged in rows called ______________.
Which chemical family is the most stable?
Which chemical family is the most stable?
Match the following chemical families with their number of valence electrons:
Match the following chemical families with their number of valence electrons:
Elements form ions to gain stability by mimicking the noble gases.
Elements form ions to gain stability by mimicking the noble gases.
Why do elements form ions?
Why do elements form ions?
Why do atoms form ions?
Why do atoms form ions?
The Lewis dot diagram for Na has 8 electrons in its outer shell.
The Lewis dot diagram for Na has 8 electrons in its outer shell.
What is the difference between ionic and covalent compounds?
What is the difference between ionic and covalent compounds?
The Stock system of naming compounds was developed to differentiate between different possibilities of _______________________ charges among certain elements.
The Stock system of naming compounds was developed to differentiate between different possibilities of _______________________ charges among certain elements.
Match the following ions with the noble gas they have the same electron shell arrangement as:
Match the following ions with the noble gas they have the same electron shell arrangement as:
What is the correct formula for iron(II) chloride?
What is the correct formula for iron(II) chloride?
Covalent compounds are formed between a metal and a non-metal.
Covalent compounds are formed between a metal and a non-metal.
In a Lewis dot diagram, _______________________ electrons represent a full valence shell.
In a Lewis dot diagram, _______________________ electrons represent a full valence shell.
Study Notes
Laboratory Safety and WHMIS
- Goggles protect eyes from hazardous materials
- Breaker is used for mixing substances and chemicals
- Importance of safety rules: ensure hazardous materials are disposed of safely and according to regulations to protect people and the environment
- WHMIS symbols and their matching classes must be identified
- Household Hazardous Product symbols must be identified
- NFPA symbols and the 4 areas of hazard shown must be understood
- A SDS (Safety Data Sheet) provides information on hazards, ingredients, and more
Chemistry in Action
Ion Formation
- Ions are formed by an element gaining or losing one or more electrons, resulting in a net charge
- Ions are formed to reach a more stable state, which is a full outer shell of electrons
Periodic Table
- The periodic table is arranged in rows called periods
- Elements in the same period have the same number of valence shells
- The 6 chemical families and their positions on the periodic table are:
- Alkali metals (left)
- Alkaline earth metals (left)
- Transition metals (middle)
- Chalcogens (right)
- Halogens (right)
- Noble gases (right)
- The 6 families and their number of valence electrons:
- Alkali metals: 1 electron
- Alkaline earth metals: 2 electrons
- Transition metals: various
- Chalogens: 6 electrons
- Halogens: 7 electrons
- Noble gases: 8 electrons
Chemical Families
- Most stable: noble gases
- Most reactive: alkali earth metals
- Elements form ions to mimic noble gases, which have a full outer shell
Bohr Model and Lewis Dot Diagrams
- Bohr model: [Na+1], [N-3]
- Lewis dot diagrams: Na, O, CCl4, H2O
- In a Lewis dot diagram, 8 electrons represent a full valence shell
Ionic Compounds
- Ion charge for the 6 families:
- Alkali metals: +1
- Alkaline earth metals: +2
- Chalogens: 2-
- Halogens: 1-
- Noble gases: neutral
- Transition metals: various
- Examples of ionic compounds: MgCl2, BaS, Na3P, NaCl, Fr2O
- Stock system of naming compounds: developed to differentiate between different possibilities of stable charges among certain elements
- Examples of compound naming using the Stock system: iron(II) chloride, gold (III) oxide, mercury (II) oxide, titanium (II) oxide, lead (IV) sulfide, copper(II) phosphide
Ionic and Covalent Compounds
- Ionic compounds: metal with a non-metal or cation with an anion
- Covalent compounds: both non-metals
- Examples of covalent compounds: nitrogen trichloride, carbon tetrachloride, phosphorus trifluoride, diarsenic trioxide, nitrogen trihydride
- Compare and contrast ionic and covalent bonding:
- Ionic bonding: donates electrons
- Covalent bonding: shares electrons
- Both involve electrons
- Both have electrons
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Description
Review laboratory safety procedures, equipment, and WHMIS symbols for science semester 2 exam. Learn about laboratory equipment, safety rules, and hazardous materials disposal.
