Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which energy source is associated with the release of the most carbon dioxide?
Which energy source is associated with the release of the most carbon dioxide?
- Hydroelectric
- Fossil fuels (correct)
- Nuclear
- Solar
Which of the following energy sources is considered carbon neutral?
Which of the following energy sources is considered carbon neutral?
- Bioenergy (correct)
- Wind
- Hydroelectric
- Geothermal
Which of these energy sources can potentially disrupt fish migration?
Which of these energy sources can potentially disrupt fish migration?
- Solar
- Geothermal
- Wind
- Hydroelectric (correct)
Which energy source is associated with the production of radioactive waste?
Which energy source is associated with the production of radioactive waste?
Which energy production method is known to produce noise pollution?
Which energy production method is known to produce noise pollution?
Which of the following is a direct consequence of burning fossil fuels?
Which of the following is a direct consequence of burning fossil fuels?
Which of these energy sources involves the use of heat from the Earth's interior?
Which of these energy sources involves the use of heat from the Earth's interior?
Which of these energy sources is associated with the production of material waste?
Which of these energy sources is associated with the production of material waste?
Which term refers to the living components of an ecosystem?
Which term refers to the living components of an ecosystem?
What role does a decomposer play in an ecosystem?
What role does a decomposer play in an ecosystem?
Which component of the Earth system is described as the layer of gases around the planet?
Which component of the Earth system is described as the layer of gases around the planet?
What would be the consequence of removing hawks from a food web?
What would be the consequence of removing hawks from a food web?
Which process describes the conversion of nitrates in soil back into nitrogen gas?
Which process describes the conversion of nitrates in soil back into nitrogen gas?
Which description fits an alkali metal?
Which description fits an alkali metal?
What occurs when two liquids mix to form a solid?
What occurs when two liquids mix to form a solid?
Which of the following best describes noble gases?
Which of the following best describes noble gases?
In the context of the periodic table, what do the terms 'family' and 'period' refer to?
In the context of the periodic table, what do the terms 'family' and 'period' refer to?
What is produced during a combustion reaction?
What is produced during a combustion reaction?
Which of the following represents a controlled variable in an experiment about paper planes?
Which of the following represents a controlled variable in an experiment about paper planes?
What does the WHMIS symbol for 'Flammable Material' indicate?
What does the WHMIS symbol for 'Flammable Material' indicate?
Which of the following properties describes the characteristic of ductility?
Which of the following properties describes the characteristic of ductility?
For a piece of metal with a mass of 290 g and a volume of 36.7 mL, what is the correct density calculation?
For a piece of metal with a mass of 290 g and a volume of 36.7 mL, what is the correct density calculation?
Which statement correctly differentiates between qualitative and quantitative properties?
Which statement correctly differentiates between qualitative and quantitative properties?
What is the significance of clarity in material properties?
What is the significance of clarity in material properties?
In the context of WHMIS, which symbol represents a toxic substance?
In the context of WHMIS, which symbol represents a toxic substance?
When assessing the viscosity of a liquid, which one of the following indicates a high viscosity?
When assessing the viscosity of a liquid, which one of the following indicates a high viscosity?
Flashcards
Independent Variable
Independent Variable
An independent variable is the factor that is changed or manipulated in an experiment. It is the cause or the thing being tested.
Dependent Variable
Dependent Variable
A dependent variable is the factor that is measured or observed in an experiment. It is the effect or the outcome of the independent variable.
Controlled Variables
Controlled Variables
Controlled variables are the factors that are kept constant and the same throughout an experiment. They help ensure the results are due to the independent variable only.
Physical Change
Physical Change
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Chemical Change
Chemical Change
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Dissolving
Dissolving
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Combustion (burning)
Combustion (burning)
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Redox Reaction
Redox Reaction
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Lithosphere
Lithosphere
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Atmosphere
Atmosphere
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Biosphere
Biosphere
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Hydrosphere
Hydrosphere
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Ecosystem
Ecosystem
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Geothermal Energy
Geothermal Energy
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Hydroelectric Power
Hydroelectric Power
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Solar Energy
Solar Energy
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Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
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Fossil Fuel Power
Fossil Fuel Power
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Nuclear Energy
Nuclear Energy
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Wind Energy
Wind Energy
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Radioactive Decay
Radioactive Decay
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Study Notes
Equipment and Function
- Bunsen burner (4 steps): Used for heating, has a gas inlet, metal base, and metal tubes.
- Beaker: Used for holding and mixing liquids, has a cylindrical shape.
- Test tube: Used for holding small samples of substance.
- Retort stand: Holds test tubes & other equipment.
- Clamps: Hold things steady in place.
- Goggles: Eye protection.
- Gloves: Hand protection.
- Distilled water: To complete tests and measure.
- Wire gauze: Protects glassware, and evenly distributes heat.
- Graduated cylinder: Used to measure volumes of liquid, cylindrical shape with varying markings
- Electronic balance: Used to measure mass.
- Plastic Items: used for insulation
WHMIS Symbols
- Skull and crossbones: Poisonous substance
- Lightning Bolt: Health hazard
- Exclamation mark: Caution
- Dead fish: Environmental hazard
Independent, Dependent, and Controlled Variables
- Independent Variable: The factor that is purposely changed in an experiment.
- Dependent Variable: The factor that is measured in an experiment.
- Controlled Variable: The variables that are kept the same in an experiment
Paper Plane Experiment
- Variables:
- Distance traveled : dependent
- Material of plane : independent
- Wind speed : controlled
- Mass of the plane : controlled
- How the plane is thrown : controlled
Properties of Materials
- Chalk: Solid, opaque, white, soft
- Table Syrup: High viscosity, liquid, brown, transparent
Calculating Density
- Density (D) = mass (m)/ volume (V)
Properties of Solids and Liquids
- Solids are typically hard and have fixed shapes.
- Liquids take the shape of their container.
- Gases have no fixed shape or volume.
Qualitative vs. Quantitative Properties
- Qualitative properties describe qualities (e.g., color, texture)
- Quantitative properties describe quantities (e.g., mass, volume)
Chemical vs. Physical Changes
- Physical changes alter the appearance or state of matter without changing its chemical composition .
- Chemical changes alter the chemical composition of a substance, often with observable changes.
Periodic Table
- Valence electrons in the outer shell determine an element's reactivity.
- Elements in the same column have similar properties.
Energy Generation
- Power generation uses turbines (blades) linked to generators to create electricity.
- Turbine converts kinetic energy to electricity
- Power generation involves wind, water, steam etc...
- Methods used for generating electricity vary
- renewable & non-renewable
Types of Generation
- Fossil fuels: Releases large amounts of carbon dioxide, considered non-renewable
- Geothermal: Uses heat from the earth's core
- Biomass: Renewables and less polluting.
- Hydroelectric dams: Large dams use water to create electricity.
- Solar Energy: Solar powered plants use solar energy to produce electricity, renewable.
- Wind energy: Wind turbines use wind energy to produce electricity, renewable.
- Nuclear energy: Nuclear power plants use nuclear reactions to create heat, potentially damaging to the environment.
- Natural Gas: A fossil fuel with a large environmental impact that is used to produce electricity.
Light Bulb Efficiency
- Efficiency = (useful output/total input energy) x 100
- Measures the ratio of useful energy output to total energy input.
Charging by Rubbing
- Materials like fur and ebonite become charged by friction.
- They gain opposite charges through an electron transfer process.
Electrical Circuits
- Simple circuits contain wires, batteries, light bulbs and switches in a continuous flow.
- Components may be connected in parallel or series
- Circuits need a complete path for current flow
Electric Charge
- Negatively charged objects attract positively charged objects.
Environmental Impacts
- Human activities have led to pollution affecting ecosystems.
- Pollutants harm or damage parts of the environment.
Ecosystems
- Ecosystems are interconnected by biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors.
- Organisms interact within their environment to form food webs, food chains and ecosystems.
- Complex relationships exist among living organisms and their environment.
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