Science Semester 1 Exam Study Guide

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Metalloids possess properties of both metals and nonmetals.

True (A)

What role do valence electrons play in chemical bonding?

Valence electrons are involved in forming bonds between atoms, determining how atoms interact with each other.

What term describes the rate at which an object changes its position?

Motion
Acceleration
Speed (correct)
Velocity

The atomic mass of an element is determined primarily by the number of _ and _ in its nucleus.

protons, neutrons Signup and view all the answers

Balanced forces always result in a change in an object's motion.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of bonds with their characteristics:

Covalent Bond = Sharing of electron pairs between atoms Ionic Bond = Transfer of electrons from one atom to another Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a nonmetal?

Dull appearance (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between speed and velocity?

Speed is a scalar quantity that refers to how fast an object is moving, while velocity is a vector quantity that includes both speed and direction. Signup and view all the answers

In motion, an object's position is described relative to a __________.

reference point Signup and view all the answers

All elements in the same group of the periodic table have similar chemical properties.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Speed = How fast an object moves Velocity = Speed with a direction Acceleration = Rate of change of velocity Motion = Change in position over time Signup and view all the answers

List one key difference between electron dot diagrams and electron energy level diagrams.

Electron dot diagrams show only the valence electrons, while electron energy level diagrams represent all electrons and their energy levels. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a non-contact force?

Gravity (B) Signup and view all the answers

Acceleration can occur even when the speed of an object is constant as long as its direction changes.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Provide an example of an object that is in motion and one that is not in motion.

A car driving down the street is in motion, while a parked car is not in motion. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines a mixture?

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A solution and a colloid are the same because they both contain dissolved particles.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a chemical change?

A process where one or more substances are transformed into different substances with new properties. Signup and view all the answers

An example of an _____ reaction is combustion, where energy is released in the form of heat and light.

exothermic Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of chemical changes with their definitions:

Synthesis = Two or more substances combine to form a new compound. Decomposition = A compound breaks down into simpler substances. Replacement = One element replaces another in a compound. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about endothermic reactions?

They absorb heat from their surroundings. (D) Signup and view all the answers

The Law of Conservation of Mass states that mass can be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

How can you distinguish between a physical change and a chemical change?

By observing whether new substances with different properties are formed; physical changes do not create new substances. Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Protons

Particles found in the nucleus of an atom with a positive charge.

Neutrons

Neutrally charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom.