Science Semester 1 Exam Study Guide
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Questions and Answers

Metalloids possess properties of both metals and nonmetals.

True

What role do valence electrons play in chemical bonding?

Valence electrons are involved in forming bonds between atoms, determining how atoms interact with each other.

What term describes the rate at which an object changes its position?

  • Motion
  • Acceleration
  • Speed (correct)
  • Velocity

    • The atomic mass of an element is determined primarily by the number of _____ and _____ in its nucleus.

    <p>protons, neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Balanced forces always result in a change in an object's motion.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of bonds with their characteristics:

    <p>Covalent Bond = Sharing of electron pairs between atoms Ionic Bond = Transfer of electrons from one atom to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a nonmetal?

    <p>Dull appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between speed and velocity?

    <p>Speed is a scalar quantity that refers to how fast an object is moving, while velocity is a vector quantity that includes both speed and direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In motion, an object's position is described relative to a __________.

    <p>reference point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All elements in the same group of the periodic table have similar chemical properties.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Speed = How fast an object moves Velocity = Speed with a direction Acceleration = Rate of change of velocity Motion = Change in position over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List one key difference between electron dot diagrams and electron energy level diagrams.

    <p>Electron dot diagrams show only the valence electrons, while electron energy level diagrams represent all electrons and their energy levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a non-contact force?

    <p>Gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acceleration can occur even when the speed of an object is constant as long as its direction changes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of an object that is in motion and one that is not in motion.

    <p>A car driving down the street is in motion, while a parked car is not in motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines a mixture?

    <p>A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A solution and a colloid are the same because they both contain dissolved particles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a chemical change?

    <p>A process where one or more substances are transformed into different substances with new properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An example of an _____ reaction is combustion, where energy is released in the form of heat and light.

    <p>exothermic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of chemical changes with their definitions:

    <p>Synthesis = Two or more substances combine to form a new compound. Decomposition = A compound breaks down into simpler substances. Replacement = One element replaces another in a compound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about endothermic reactions?

    <p>They absorb heat from their surroundings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Law of Conservation of Mass states that mass can be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you distinguish between a physical change and a chemical change?

    <p>By observing whether new substances with different properties are formed; physical changes do not create new substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Semester 1 Exam Study Guide

    • Exam review week is from January 12th to 16th, 2025.
    • Topics covered include:
      • Atoms and the Periodic Table
      • Chemical Reactions
      • Forces and Motion

    Topic 1: Atoms and the Periodic Table

    • Lesson 2: The Periodic Table
      • Objective: Locate elements on the periodic table and identify their properties
      • Key skills include:
        • Reading and reviewing lesson material
        • Understanding properties of protons, neutrons, and electrons
        • Using the periodic table to find information about elements (atomic number, mass, symbol, number of protons and electrons)
        • Understanding groups and periods in the periodic table

    Topic 2: Chemical Reactions

    • Lesson 1: Mixtures & Solutions
      • Objectives: Define mixtures and solutions, provide examples of each
      • Vocabulary: mixture, colloid, suspension, solution
    • Lesson 2: Chemical Change
      • Objective: Determine if a change in matter is physical or chemical
      • Understand evidence of chemical change (formation of new substances, energy changes like heat, light, or sound)
      • Know vocabulary: reactant, product, exothermic reaction, endothermic reaction
    • Lesson 3: Modeling Chemical Reactions
      • Objective: Interpret models to break down chemical reactions into reactants and products
      • Compare/contrast synthesis, decomposition, and replacement reactions
      • Understand mass conservation during chemical change using chemical equations

    Topic 3: Forces and Motion

    • Lesson 1: Describing Motion and Forces
      • Objective: Explain how balanced and unbalanced forces affect an object's motion using reference points and relative motion
      • Key terms: reference point, motion, net force, balanced/unbalanced forces
      • Understand difference between contact and non-contact forces
    • Lesson 2: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration
      • Objective: Use text evidence and real-life examples to compare and contrast speed, velocity, and acceleration
      • Key terms: speed, velocity, acceleration
    • Lesson 3: Newton's Laws of Motion
      • Objective: Define Newton's Laws of Motion and apply them in different real-life scenarios
      • Key terms: Newton's Laws of Motion, balanced forces, action-reaction forces

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    8th Grade Science Semester 1 Exam Study Guide PDF

    Description

    Prepare for your upcoming semester exam with this comprehensive study guide covering Atoms and the Periodic Table as well as Chemical Reactions and Forces and Motion. This guide will help you review key concepts and improve your understanding of fundamental science topics. Get ready to ace your exam!

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