Semester 1 Exam Study Guide

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of valence electrons in chemical bonding?

They determine the atomic mass of an element.

They are involved in the grading of elements on the periodic table.

They are responsible for forming covalent bonds. (correct)

They are essential for identifying the element's symbol.

Nonmetals typically have high electrical and thermal conductivity.

False

What are the three subatomic particles in an atom?

Protons, neutrons, electrons

The number of __________ in an atom determines its element.

protons Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of elements with their characteristics:

Metals = Good conductors, malleable Nonmetals = Poor conductors, brittle Metalloids = Semi-conductors, have properties of both metals and nonmetals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a property of metalloids?

They are usually gases at room temperature. Signup and view all the answers

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.

True Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a covalent bond from an ionic bond?

Covalent bonds involve sharing electrons, while ionic bonds involve transferring electrons. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a solution?

Both B and C Signup and view all the answers

A chemical change involves the formation of new substances with different properties.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an exothermic reaction?

Combustion of wood. Signup and view all the answers

In a __________ reaction, the reactants combine to form a single product.

synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Reactant = Substance that undergoes change in a chemical reaction Product = Substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction Colloid = Mixture with particles that do not settle out Suspension = Mixture with larger particles that settle out over time Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an endothermic reaction?

Absorbs energy from its surroundings. Signup and view all the answers

The Law of Conservation of Mass states that mass can be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.

False Signup and view all the answers

What evidence can indicate that a chemical change has occurred?

Formation of gas, color change, temperature change, or formation of a precipitate. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between speed and velocity?

Velocity includes direction, while speed does not. Signup and view all the answers

Balanced forces always result in a change in motion.

False Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the law of conservation of mass applies to chemical equations.

The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. Therefore, the total mass of reactants must equal the total mass of products. Signup and view all the answers

The force that requires physical contact between objects is known as a __________ force.

contact Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an unbalanced force?

A car accelerating from a stop Signup and view all the answers

An object in motion will stay in motion unless acted on by a net force.

True Signup and view all the answers

____________ is a measure of how quickly an object covers distance.

Speed Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Semester 1 Exam Study Guide

Exam review week is January 12th to 16th, 2025.
Topics covered include: Atoms and the Periodic Table, Chemical Reactions, and Forces and Motion.

Topic 1: Atoms and the Periodic Table

Lesson 2: The Periodic Table
- Objective: Locate elements on the periodic table, identify their properties.
- Key concepts: Properties of protons, neutrons, and electrons; using the periodic table to find information about elements (atomic number, atomic mass, element's symbol, number of protons & electrons); groups and periods in the periodic table.

Topic 2: Chemical Reactions

Lesson 1: Mixtures & Solutions
- Objective: Define mixtures and solutions, give examples.
- Key concepts: Vocabulary (mixture, colloid, suspension, solution).
Lesson 2: Chemical Change
- Objective: Conclude whether a change in matter is physical or chemical.
- Key concepts: Vocabulary (reactant, product, exothermic reaction, endothermic reaction); identifying physical or chemical changes; energy changes in reactions (exothermic and endothermic examples).
Lesson 3: Modeling Chemical Reactions
- Objective: Interpret chemical reactions, compare reaction types (synthesis, decomposition, replacement), use chemical equations to model mass conservation.
- Key concepts: Vocabulary (law of conservation of mass); types of chemical reactions; identifying reactants and products.

Topic 3: Forces and Motion

Lesson 1: Describing Motion and Forces
- Objective: Explain how balanced and unbalanced forces affect motion, incorporating reference points and relative motion.
- Key concepts: Vocabulary (reference point, motion, net force); balanced/unbalanced forces; critical thinking questions on motion, forces, and reference points; contact vs. non-contact forces.
Lesson 2: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration
- Objective: Use text evidence and real-life examples to compare and contrast speed, velocity, and acceleration.
- Key concepts: Vocabulary (speed, velocity, acceleration); critical thinking questions on similarities/differences between speed and velocity.
Lesson 3: Newton's Laws of Motion
- Objective: Define Newton's Laws of Motion and apply them in real-life scenarios.
- Key concepts: Vocabulary (Newton's Laws of Motion); analyze the difference between balanced forces and action-reaction forces; applying concepts to real-life scenarios

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Description

Prepare for your Semester 1 Exam with this comprehensive study guide covering Atoms and the Periodic Table, Chemical Reactions, and Forces and Motion. Each topic includes key concepts and objectives to help you understand the material better. Make sure to review these essential topics before your exam from January 12th to 16th, 2025.