Science Lab Safety and WHMIS Overview

WHMIS Symbols

• WHMIS uses symbols to indicate different chemical hazards
• Flammable (fire symbol)
• Corrosive (burns skin/eyes)
• Toxic (serious health effects)
• Compressed Gas (pressure)
• Oxidizing (causes fire/explosion)
• Health Hazard (respiratory problems)
• Explosive (risk of explosion)
• Environmental Hazard (damage to environment)

Do's and Don'ts in the Science Lab

• Do's:
  • Wear appropriate PPE (gloves, goggles)
  • Follow all instructions carefully
  • Keep workspace clean and tidy
  • Properly label containers
  • Dispose of chemicals properly
• Don'ts:
  • Eat or drink in the lab
  • Put substances in your mouth
  • Work alone
  • Run or play
  • Ignore safety instructions/warnings

Significant Figures and Rounding

• Significant figures (sig figs) are digits that contribute to accuracy
• To round:
  • Look at the digit to the right of the rounding cutoff
  • If 5 or higher, round up
  • If lower than 5, keep the last digit as is

Scientific Method

• Systematic process for experiments/analyses:
  • Ask a question
  • Do background research
  • Formulate a hypothesis (testable prediction)
  • Conduct experiments and collect data
  • Analyze, interpret data (conclusion)
  • Share findings (communicate results)

Graphing

• Choose scales that make the data easy to read and interpret
• Accurately mark data points
• Draw a line of best fit to represent the trend (doesn't have to go through all points)

Determining the Slope of a Line of Best Fit

• Slope = (change in y) / (change in x)
• Represents the rate of change
• Helps understand the relationship between variables

Chapter 4: Studying Matter

• Pure Substances: Materials with consistent composition (e.g., distilled water, gold)
• Elements: Made of only one type of atom (e.g., oxygen)
• Compounds: Two or more elements chemically combined (e.g., water)
• Mixtures: Physical combination of substances, retaining individual properties
• Homogeneous Mixtures (Solutions): Uniform composition (e.g., saltwater)
• Heterogeneous Mixtures: Non-uniform composition (e.g., oil and water)

Chapter 5: History of the Atom

• Ancient Greek Philosophers: Proposed matter is composed of indivisible particles (atoms)
• John Dalton: Developed first modern atomic theory (atoms of an element are identical)
• J.J. Thompson: Discovered electrons, leading to the "plum pudding" model
• Ernest Rutherford: Conducted gold foil experiment, discovered the nucleus
• Nagaoka: Proposed a Saturnian model of the atom (electrons orbiting a central nucleus)
• James Chadwick: Discovered the neutron

Chapter 5: Structure of the Atom

• Subatomic Particles: Protons (positive), neutrons (neutral), electrons (negative)
• Atomic Number: Number of protons
• Determining Atomic Number, Number of Protons, Electrons, Mass Number & Neutrons
• Mass Number: Sum of protons & neutrons
• Isotopes: Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
• Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams: Represent electron arrangements in shells around the nucleus.

Chapter 5: The Periodic Table

• Types of Elements: Metals, metalloids, non-metals
• Trends on the periodic table (reactivity, atomic size)

Chapter 6: Properties of Ionic and Molecular Compounds

• Ionic Compounds: Formed by the transfer of electrons between a metal & nonmetal
• Properties: Usually solid at room temp, high melting/boiling points, conduct electricity when dissolved.
• Molecular Compounds: Formed by the sharing of electrons between non-metals
• Properties: Can be solid, liquid or gas at room temp, lower melting/boiling points, do not conduct electricity in water

Chapter 6: Naming Ionic and Molecular Compounds

• Naming Ionic Compounds: Name cation (positive ion) first, then anion (negative ion: root + "ide")
• Naming Molecular Compounds: Use prefixes (mono-, di-, tri-, etc.) to indicate the number of atoms of each element

Chapter 6: Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams

• Shows electrons in specific levels around nucleus, depicting the sharing of electrons in covalent bonds
• Each atom satisfies octet rule. (covalent bonds)

Unit 2: Ecology - Chapter 1

• Biotic Factors: Living components (plants, animals, bacteria)
• Abiotic Factors: Non-living components (water, air, minerals, temperature)
• Sustainability: Maintaining ecological processes for continued ecosystem function

Unit 2: Ecology - Chapter 1- Water Cycle

• Evaporation: Liquid water turns into water vapor through heat
• Transpiration: Plants release water vapor into the air
• Condensation: Water vapor cools and changes back into liquid water droplets to form clouds
• Precipitation: Water falls as rain, snow, sleet, or hail
• Seepage: Water moves underground

Unit 2: Ecology - Chapter 1- Carbon Cycle

• Photosynthesis: Plants use CO2, water, and sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen
• Respiration: Organisms break down glucose (releasing CO2) for energy
• Decomposition: Organisms break down dead organisms, releasing CO2
• Other elements involved: Atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere

Unit 2: Ecology - Chapter 1- Nitrogen Cycle

• Nitrogen Fixation: Convers atmospheric N2 into ammonia (NH3)
• Ammonification: Decomposition of organic nitrogen compounds into ammonium (NH4+)
• Nitrification: Conversion of NH4+ to NO2- then NO3-
• Assimilation: Plants absorb nitrates and ammonium into organic molecules
• Denitrification: Conversion of NO3- back into atmospheric N2

Unit 2: Other Ecology Concepts

• Biodiversity: Variety of life in a habitat
• Biodiversity Hotspots: High biodiversity areas at risk
• Dominant Species: Significant influence on community
• Keystone Species: Crucial role in community stability

Unit 3: Electricity

• Electric Charges: Opposite charges attract, like charges repel
• Electrostatic Series: Ranks materials according to electron gain/loss tendency.
• Static Discharge : Sudden flow of static electricity
• Ohm's Law (V=IR)
• Circuit Components & Diagrams
• Potential Difference (Voltage)

Unit 4: Astronomy - Chapter 7

• Significance of Night Sky: Navigation timekeeping, cultural stories, etc.
• Constellations: Patterns of stars.
• Earth & Moon Movement: Causes seasonal changes.
• Solar/Lunar Eclipses
• The Solar System : includes contents, distances, other celestial bodies
• Ancient Civilizations and Stargazing (Mesopotamians, Egyptians, Greeks)
• Clock-making techniques

This quiz covers essential topics in science lab safety, focusing on WHMIS symbols and the important do's and don'ts in the lab. Understand the significance of using appropriate protective equipment and learn about significant figures related to lab measurements. Ensure you are aware of proper chemical handling and safety protocols.