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Questions and Answers
What is classification?
What is classification?
Who devised the system of naming organisms in the 1750's?
Who devised the system of naming organisms in the 1750's?
Carolus Linnaeus
What is binomial nomenclature?
What is binomial nomenclature?
The system for naming organisms in which each organism is given a unique, two-part scientific name.
A genus is a classification grouping that consists of unrelated species.
A genus is a classification grouping that consists of unrelated species.
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What is a species?
What is a species?
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Why do biologists classify living things?
Why do biologists classify living things?
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What do prokaryotes lack?
What do prokaryotes lack?
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What is a eukaryote?
What is a eukaryote?
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The four kingdoms are __________, fungi, plants, animals.
The four kingdoms are __________, fungi, plants, animals.
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What are autotrophs?
What are autotrophs?
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What are heterotrophs?
What are heterotrophs?
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What is a saprophyte?
What is a saprophyte?
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Unicellular organisms are made up of multiple cells.
Unicellular organisms are made up of multiple cells.
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Multicellular organisms are composed of more than one cell.
Multicellular organisms are composed of more than one cell.
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Match the following kingdoms with their characteristics:
Match the following kingdoms with their characteristics:
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What are the three divisions of protists?
What are the three divisions of protists?
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What is the major difference between Archaebacteria and Eubacteria?
What is the major difference between Archaebacteria and Eubacteria?
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What are the eight major levels of classification?
What are the eight major levels of classification?
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How do taxonomists name an organism?
How do taxonomists name an organism?
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Study Notes
Classification and Taxonomy
- Classification groups organisms by similarities for easier study.
- Taxonomy involves the scientific study of biological classification processes.
- Carolus Linnaeus developed a name system for organisms in the 1750s, focusing on observable features.
Naming Organisms
- Binomial nomenclature assigns each organism a unique two-part scientific name.
- Genus represents closely related species, while species refers to a group capable of mating and producing fertile offspring.
Purpose of Biological Classification
- Biologists classify organisms to streamline study and organization.
Cellular Organization
- Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and membrane-bound DNA, containing nucleic acids freely within the cell.
- Eukaryotes possess a nucleus that encloses DNA.
Kingdoms of Life
- Four main kingdoms: Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals.
- Autotrophs are self-feeders (producers), while heterotrophs must obtain food from other sources.
- Saprophytes act as decomposers, feeding on dead organisms.
Cell Structures
- Unicellular organisms consist of a single cell, while multicellular organisms contain multiple cells.
- Colonial organisms are composed of many single cells grouped together.
Kingdom Archaebacteria
- Archaebacteria are prokaryotic, unicellular, can be autotrophic or heterotrophic, and thrive in extreme conditions.
- They resemble the earliest forms of life on Earth.
Kingdom Eubacteria
- Eubacteria are common prokaryotic microorganisms, found in diverse environments and can also be autotrophic or heterotrophic.
Differences between Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
- Archaebacteria possess unique ribosomal structures and chemically distinct cell walls compared to Eubacteria's regular cell walls.
Kingdom Protista
- Often called the "junk pile" kingdom as it includes various organisms that don’t fit other kingdoms.
- Mostly unicellular, Eukaryotic, with both autotrophic and heterotrophic members.
Divisions of Protists
- Animal-like protists ingest food and can move (e.g., amoeba).
- Plant-like protists are photosynthetic and may have colored pigments (e.g., algae).
- Fungus-like protists exist in moist environments (e.g., slime molds).
Kingdom Fungi
- Fungi can be unicellular or multicellular, are heterotrophic by absorption, eukaryotic, and cannot move independently.
Kingdom Plantae
- Multicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophic organisms that are photosynthetic and cannot move on their own (e.g., moss, ferns).
Kingdom Animalia
- Multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms capable of movement at some life stage (e.g., insects, mammals).
Criteria for Classification
- Organisms are classified based on cell characteristics, nutrition, complexity, breeding abilities, and common ancestry.
Levels of Classification
- Eight hierarchical classification levels: Domain, Kingdom, Phyla, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species, with Domain being the least specific and Species the most specific.
Naming Principles
- Taxonomists name organisms using genus and species names (binomial nomenclature).
- Unique names ensure no two organisms share the same identifier, with precedence given to the first published name.
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Description
Test your knowledge with flashcards on kingdoms and classification in science. This quiz covers important terms, such as classification, taxonomy, and the contributions of Carolus Linnaeus. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding of the classification of living organisms.
