Science Hypotheses vs Theories

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Questions and Answers

What is homeostasis?

The process of cellular respiration

The ability to grow and develop

The transformation of energy from one form to another

The maintenance of a stable internal environment (correct)

Which of the following describes the regulation of body temperature in hot conditions?

Sweating and dilation of blood vessels (correct)

Increased metabolic rate and heat production

Perspiration and decreased heart rate

Vasoconstriction and shivering

How do multicellular organisms grow?

Through cell division which increases the number of cells (correct)

By consuming chemical energy only

By assimilating nutrients directly from the environment

By the enlargement of individual cells

Which process do organisms use to capture energy from sunlight?

Photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What role does DNA play in an organism's growth and development?

It encodes information for growth patterns Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the theme of evolution in biology?

It unifies all biological concepts through natural selection. Signup and view all the answers

What does the structure-function relationship imply in biological systems?

Every level of biological organization shows a correlation between structure and function. Signup and view all the answers

How is information flow important to life's functions?

It enables the transmission of genetic and cellular information. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes energy transformations in biology?

Energy generation from different forms is essential for sustaining life. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of interconnections within biological systems?

It extends the study of life from microscopic to global scales. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main form of usable energy released from food in living cells?

Chemical bond energy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a response to environmental stimuli?

Binary fission Signup and view all the answers

How do single-celled organisms primarily reproduce?

By binary fission Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for reproduction in living organisms?

To propagate their own kind Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of evolution in the polar bear?

Change in fur color to white Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the movement of an organism towards or away from certain chemicals?

Chemotaxis Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of evolutionary change?

Modifications at the genetic level over time Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is cited as an example of camouflage evolution?

Giant leaf insect Signup and view all the answers

What defines a scientific theory in contrast to a hypothesis?

A theory is a comprehensive explanation supported by abundant evidence. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the nature of hypotheses?

Hypotheses are specific predictions that can be tested. Signup and view all the answers

Which property of life refers to the maintenance of a stable internal environment?

Regulation Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant characteristic of living organisms regarding their cellular structure?

Multicellular organisms are structured from cells to tissues to organs. Signup and view all the answers

How is natural selection related to adaptations in organisms?

Natural selection is the mechanism through which adaptations evolve. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of DNA in living organisms?

DNA controls the pattern of growth and development. Signup and view all the answers

Which process describes the ability of an organism to produce offspring?

Reproduction Signup and view all the answers

Which hypothesis suggests that mimicry in snakes serves as a protective adaptation?

Mimicking poisonous snakes Signup and view all the answers

What is one key characteristic that distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all cells?

All cells have a defined nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the origin of cells is accurate?

All cells come from previous living cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell is characterized by the absence of organelles?

Prokaryotic cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of genetic material do all cells contain?

Chromosomes made of DNA Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes eukaryotic cells?

They have multiple organelles enclosed by membranes. Signup and view all the answers

How long ago did eukaryotic cells first appear on Earth?

2.1 billion years ago Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant feature of all cells regarding their internal environment?

All cells contain a jelly-like fluid called cytosol. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hypothesis vs. Theory

Hypothesis: A testable statement proposing an explanation for an observation.
Theory: A well-supported explanation of aspects of the natural world based on abundant evidence and capable of spawning further hypotheses.
Scientific theories integrate numerous observations and test results, establishing a broader understanding.

Properties of Life

Order: Organisms exhibit complex yet organized structures, from cells to tissues to organs and systems.
Regulation: Maintenance of stable internal environments (homeostasis) despite external changes; examples include osmoregulation and thermal regulation.
Growth and Development: Controlled by DNA, involving regulated growth in cell size (unicellular) or cell number (multicellular).
Energy Processing: Organisms transform energy from various sources (photosynthesis or cellular respiration) to fuel activities.
Response to Environment: Organisms react to stimuli (e.g., phototropism), demonstrating adaptive responses to conditions.
Reproduction: Essential for species survival, with unicellular organisms dividing via binary fission and multicellular organisms employing diverse methods.

Evolution

Evolution reflects changes in populations over time, driven by natural selection.
The genetic makeup alterations lead to better adaptation and survival.
Example: Polar bears evolved from brown bears, adapting to colder environments.

Major Themes in Biology

Evolution: Central unifying theme explaining the diversity of life through natural selection.
Structure-Function Relationship: Biological structures correlate with their functions at all organization levels.
Information Flow: Genetic information in genes drives cellular functions and inter-cellular communication.
Energy Transformations: All life forms rely on energy transformations to operate.
Interconnections within Systems: Biological systems range from microscopic cellular networks to global ecosystems, comprising interactions at various scales.

Cell Theory

All living organisms consist of cells, and all cells arise from previously existing cells.
Cells are categorized into prokaryotic (bacteria, archaea) and eukaryotic (plants, animals, fungi, protists).

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic Cells: Simpler, older, lack a nucleus, DNA located in the nucleoid. They are usually smaller than eukaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic Cells: More complex with membrane-bound organelles, including a true nucleus housing DNA.
All cells share essential features: plasma membrane, cytosol, DNA, and ribosomes that synthesize proteins.

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Description

This quiz explores the differences between scientific hypotheses and theories, focusing on their definitions, scopes, and examples. Understand how facts and observations play a crucial role in developing these scientific ideas.