Science Communication and Diversity in STEM
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Questions and Answers

How might scientists tailor their communication strategies to effectively engage with decision-makers?

Scientists are likely to use clear, concise language and relevant data to align their findings with the interests and priorities of decision-makers.

In what ways do decision-makers incorporate scientific research into their policy-making processes?

Decision-makers may utilize scientific research to inform regulations, allocate resources, and assess public health and safety risks.

What are some key positions Trump appointed that influence policies related to health and science?

Trump appointed leaders for the National Institutes of Health and the Department of Health and Human Services, impacting public health strategies and scientific funding.

What role does the bully pulpit play in influencing the intersection of science and policy?

<p>The bully pulpit allows leaders to communicate their agenda and priorities, effectively persuading the public and lawmakers to support scientific initiatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the federalist system impact the governance of science and policy in the U.S.?

<p>The federalist system divides power among federal, state, and local governments, leading to diverse approaches to science policy across different levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors increase the likelihood of engaging in new collaborative relationships?

<p>Perceiving others as trustworthy and having useful information, along with the expectation of enjoyable interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of collaboration, what role does direct communication play?

<p>It helps resolve uncertainty about relationality, making collaboration more likely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of Levine's survey on local policymakers?

<p>The unmet desire for a more evidence-informed policymaking process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many local and state policymakers were surveyed about ethical decision-making processes?

<p>A total of 958 policymakers were surveyed across three types.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of sustainability professionals expressed unmet desires regarding sustainability challenges?

<p>81% of the surveyed sustainability professionals indicated unmet desires.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define 'policy for science' based on the provided content.

<p>'Policy for science' refers to decisions regarding funding and setting scientific agendas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main components of credibility according to Lupia?

<p>Knowledgeable and trustworthy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can non-experts achieve credibility in scientific discussions according to Oreskes?

<p>By engaging professionals with relevant information and those with relevant daily experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the key respondents in the survey on sustainability challenges?

<p>Officials such as County Directors of Sustainability and Energy&amp;Climate Change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of resolving uncertainty about relationality in collaborative settings?

<p>It fosters trust and encourages individuals to form new collaborative relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do AIDS activists play in the discussion of scientific credibility?

<p>They demonstrate how lay activists can establish their credibility as legitimate sources of knowledge over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Epstein, what is necessary for lay activists to gain credibility in scientific matters?

<p>They need to actively engage in scientific discussions and prove their knowledge over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of individuals does Oreskes identify as having the potential to share relevant and useful information?

<p>Independent scholars, professionals with relevant expertise, and citizen scientists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conventional idea regarding basic science as mentioned in the document?

<p>The conventional idea suggests focusing on basic science to create a reservoir of findings for health, wealth, and security.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What communication approach to scientific findings does Carol Weiss criticize?

<p>Carol Weiss criticizes the idea of merely disseminating scientific findings and expecting decision-makers to use them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main argument presented by Oreskes & Conway in 'Merchants of Doubt'?

<p>They argue that a small group of scientists deliberately misled the public about scientific issues to protect corporate interests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Bogenschneider and Corbett view the conventional idea of information dissemination?

<p>They challenge the conventional idea, suggesting that merely disseminating information is insufficient for effective use by decision-makers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key role do collaborative relationships play in the science of collaboration?

<p>Collaborative relationships facilitate setting the scientific agenda and effectively using scientific results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Steven Epstein describe the role of AIDS activists in clinical trials?

<p>He describes them as lay experts who successfully advocated for ethical reforms in clinical trial processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to 'The Civic Science Imperative', what is essential for science to play a role in democracy?

<p>Public engagement and collaboration between scientists and policymakers are essential for effective scientific involvement in democratic processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of collaboration outlined by Adam Levine?

<p>The two types of collaboration are informal collaboration, focused on knowledge exchange, and formal collaboration, focused on shared ownership and decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What issue does the article 'In the Fight Over Gas Stoves' address regarding scientific credibility?

<p>It discusses how industry influence over scientists can undermine the perceived credibility of scientific conclusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenges may arise regarding new collaborative relationships according to Adam Levine?

<p>New collaborative relationships may not develop naturally due to unmet desires among various stakeholders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what ways can collaboration influence research and policy according to the document?

<p>Collaboration influences research and policy by ensuring that diverse expertise is leveraged to understand and tackle community-specific problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What have Haynes and colleagues identified as key roles for public health researchers in policy-making?

<p>They identified researchers as galvanizers, guides, champions, and shields who support evidence-based decisions in public health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What example is given in the document to illustrate the need for collaboration in addressing community issues?

<p>The document refers to the cooking stoves example discussed in the Invisible Women podcast.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Franklin G. Miller argue regarding the involvement of ethicists in public health policy?

<p>He argues that ethicists should be included in discussions to ensure that moral implications are considered in decision-making processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What lesson about polarization and misinformation was discussed in the context of Covid-19?

<p>The lesson is that political partisanship can significantly hinder public understanding and response to scientific information during crises.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Christopherson, Scheufele, and Smith view the relationship between scientific expertise and public dialogue?

<p>They argue that fostering public dialogue about scientific issues is vital for enhancing democratic participation and informed decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does ensuring a shared understanding of facts contribute to democratic processes?

<p>A shared understanding of facts allows citizens to discuss and debate specific solutions and policy responses effectively, fostering social stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the debate over Covid-19 vaccine mandates for children, what two main perspectives need to be considered?

<p>The safety and effectiveness of the vaccines from a scientific standpoint and the opinions of diverse stakeholders involved in the democratic process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two primary sources of misinformation according to the content?

<p>Misinformation spreads from bottom-up attempts by individuals to make sense of distressing situations and top-down influence from elites with incentives to mislead.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does social media impact the spread of misinformation during rapidly changing scientific contexts?

<p>Social media amplifies false claims, making it easier for misinformation to spread when scientific consensus is evolving or uncertain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been identified as a severe challenge to public health by October 2020?

<p>Misinformation regarding the virus, its transmission, vaccines, and treatments has been recognized as a significant challenge to public health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do elites play in the dissemination of misinformation?

<p>Elites can contribute to misinformation's spread through contradictory messaging or can help prevent it by supporting accurate information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential consequences of misinformation on social stability?

<p>Misinformation can lead to polarization and social unrest, undermining collective understanding and trust in democratic processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does political polarization affect the scientific discourse surrounding Covid-19?

<p>Political polarization can hinder constructive dialogue about scientific issues, leading to a divided public perception and increased confusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Readings

  • Elizabeth Christopherson, Dietram Scheufele, and Brooke Smith, "The Civic Science Imperative": Discusses the importance of science in public life.
  • The Economist, “The Trials of Gene Therapy": Explores the challenges of gene therapy.
  • Adam Levine, “Collaborate Now!” (Chapters 1, 5, & 6): Explores collaboration.
  • Arthur Lupia, “Communicating Science in Politicized Environments": Examines how science is communicated in a political context.
  • Naomi Oreskes & Erik M. Conway, “Merchants of Doubt” (Introduction, Chapters 1 & 2): Discusses the use of doubt to manipulate public opinions on scientific issues.
  • Hiroko Tabuchi, “In the Fight Over Gas Stoves, Meet the Industry's Go-To Scientist": Examines the role of industry scientists.
  • Holden Thorp, “It Matters Who Does Science": Discusses the importance of diversity in science.
  • Erica L. Green, “Longtime University President's Legacy: A Diverse New Generation in STEM”: Focuses on diversity in STEM fields.
  • Steven Epstein, “The Construction of Lay Expertise: AIDS Activism and the Forging of Credibility in the Reform of Clinical Trials": Explores how lay expertise was developed in the fight against AIDS.
  • Abby S. Haynes, “Galvanizers, Guides, Champions, and Shields: The Many Ways that Policymakers Use Public Health Researchers”: Focuses on policymakers' use of public health researchers
  • Shana Gadarian and colleagues, "Pandemic Politics: The Deadly Toll of Partisanship in the Age of Covid": Examines the role of partisanship in public health policy.
  • Ezekiel J. Emanuel, Ross Upshur, and Maxwell Smith: "What Covid Has Taught the World about Ethics.": Examines the ethical dimensions of the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Franklin G. Miller “Should Ethicists Be at the Table in Public Health Policy Deliberations? : Analyzes the role of ethicists in public health decisions.

Lectures

  • Tuesday, November 5th: Key Historical Moments
  • Thursday, November 7th: The Science Workforce/Election Results
  • Tuesday, November 12th: Credibility, Expertise, and Power
  • Thursday, November 14th: The Nature of Relationships Between Scientists and Non-Scientists
  • Thursday, November 21st: Misinformation
  • Tuesday, December 3rd: Polarization
  • Thursday, December 5th: Ethics, Public Policy, and Course Wrap-Up

Podcasts

  • Public Health on Call Podcast, Episode 59, “Social Media, Scientific Uncertainty, and Political Polarization – Covid-19's Misinformation Storm”
  • Public Health on Call Podcast, Episode 178, “How Covid-19's Misinformation Storm May Impact the Election"

Additional Topics

  • Key Points: Understanding scientific collaboration and relationships, including informal and formal collaboration.

  • Unmet Desire: Examining the challenges of collaboration, including communication about relationality in politically polarized environments.

  • Surveys: Research on local policymakers' desires for more engagement with local researchers/scientists.

  • Surveys of Local & State Policymakers: Focus on three types of policymakers related to health decisions to understand unmet needs for more ethics-informed policymaking processes.

  • Key finding: 81% of surveyed individuals expressed unmet desire on one or more sustainability challenges.

  • Policy for Science vs. Science for Policy: Distinction between funding and agenda-setting decisions regarding science and its implementation within policy.

  • Misinformation: The issue of misinformation in the context of science and policy, particularly in cases like the COVID-19 pandemic.

  • Democracy Perspective: The crucial need for shared understanding of facts to maintain social stability in a democracy.

  • Political Polarization: Reasons for the growing political divide, including issue-based and affective factors and how it impacts science messaging.

  • Communicating with others and building connections are crucial to effectively use science to solve societal problems.

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Description

This quiz covers key readings on science communication, the challenges of gene therapy, and the importance of diversity in STEM fields. It includes discussions on how science is perceived and communicated in political contexts, as well as the role of collaboration and industry influence in shaping public opinion. Ideal for students and professionals interested in the intersection of science and society.

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