Science Branches

Branches of Science

• Natural Sciences:
  • Biology: study of living organisms and their interactions
  • Chemistry: study of the composition, properties, and reactions of matter
  • Physics: study of the natural world around us, including energy, matter, and the fundamental laws of the universe
• Formal Sciences:
  • Mathematics: study of numbers, quantities, and shapes
  • Logic: study of reasoning and argumentation
• Applied Sciences:
  • Engineering: application of scientific knowledge to design, build, and maintain structures and systems
  • Medicine: application of scientific knowledge to prevent, diagnose, and treat diseases
• Social Sciences:
  • Psychology: study of human behavior and mental processes
  • Sociology: study of human social behavior, relationships, and institutions

Scientific Method

1. Observation: making observations about the world around us
2. Hypothesis: forming a tentative explanation for what was observed
3. Prediction: making predictions based on the hypothesis
4. Experiment: designing and conducting an experiment to test the hypothesis
5. Analysis: analyzing the data collected during the experiment
6. Conclusion: drawing conclusions based on the data analysis

Scientific Principles

• Objectivity: scientific findings should be based on empirical evidence and unbiased observation
• Empiricism: scientific knowledge comes from observation and experimentation
• Parsimony: simpler explanations are preferred over more complex ones
• Falsifiability: scientific theories should be open to being disproven by new evidence

Scientific Tools and Techniques

• Measurement: using instruments to quantify and describe the natural world
• Microscopy: using microscopes to study microscopic phenomena
• Spectroscopy: using instruments to analyze the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation
• Statistical Analysis: using mathematical techniques to analyze and interpret data

Branches of Science

• Natural Sciences include Biology, Chemistry, and Physics
• Biology is the study of living organisms and their interactions
• Chemistry is the study of the composition, properties, and reactions of matter
• Physics is the study of the natural world, including energy, matter, and the fundamental laws of the universe

Formal Sciences

• Formal Sciences include Mathematics and Logic
• Mathematics is the study of numbers, quantities, and shapes
• Logic is the study of reasoning and argumentation

Applied Sciences

• Applied Sciences include Engineering and Medicine
• Engineering is the application of scientific knowledge to design, build, and maintain structures and systems
• Medicine is the application of scientific knowledge to prevent, diagnose, and treat diseases

Social Sciences

• Social Sciences include Psychology and Sociology
• Psychology is the study of human behavior and mental processes
• Sociology is the study of human social behavior, relationships, and institutions

Scientific Method

• The scientific method involves making Observations about the world around us
• A Hypothesis is a tentative explanation for what was observed
• Predictions are made based on the hypothesis
• An Experiment is designed and conducted to test the hypothesis
• Data collected during the experiment is Analyzed
• Conclusions are drawn based on the data analysis

Scientific Principles

• Objectivity means scientific findings should be based on empirical evidence and unbiased observation
• Empiricism states that scientific knowledge comes from observation and experimentation
• Parsimony prefers simpler explanations over more complex ones
• Falsifiability means scientific theories should be open to being disproven by new evidence

Scientific Tools and Techniques

• Measurement involves using instruments to quantify and describe the natural world
• Microscopy uses microscopes to study microscopic phenomena
• Spectroscopy uses instruments to analyze the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation
• Statistical Analysis uses mathematical techniques to analyze and interpret data