Science and Chemistry Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

How many significant figures are present in the number 39,800?

  • 5
  • 3
  • 4
  • It depends on context (correct)

    • What is the significance of trailing zeros in the number 100?

  • They are always significant
  • They are not significant in any case
  • They are significant if a decimal point is present (correct)
  • They count as placeholders only

    • Which of the following statements about significant figures is correct for the number 0.0017?

  • It has 3 significant figures
  • Leading zeros are considered significant
  • It has 2 significant figures (correct)
  • It has 4 significant figures

    • Which digit in the number 1,007 is not a significant figure?

    <p>0 (first one)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many significant figures does the number 17.00 contain?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In scientific notation, how are significant figures represented?

    <p>All digits shown are significant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following numbers has four significant figures?

    <p>1.500</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes trapped zeros?

    <p>They are always significant when between non-zero digits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does temperature represent in a scientific context?

    <p>The average kinetic energy of the particles in a material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding heat and temperature?

    <p>Heat is the movement of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is absolute zero?

    <p>The temperature at which molecules stop moving and have zero kinetic energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Kelvin temperature scale correspond to in terms of kinetic energy?

    <p>The temperature directly correlates to average kinetic energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed the concept of absolute zero?

    <p>Lord Kelvin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the freezing point of water on the Celsius scale?

    <p>0 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'thermal energy' refer to?

    <p>The sum of both kinetic and potential energy in particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does increasing the temperature of a material affect its thermal energy?

    <p>It increases the thermal energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does scientific notation help to simplify?

    <p>Representing very large and very small numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step if a scientist finds their original hypothesis to be completely wrong?

    <p>Devise a new hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the number $579,000,000,000$, what is the coefficient when expressed in scientific notation?

    <p>5.79</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates how many positions the decimal point is moved in scientific notation?

    <p>The exponent of 10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientific investigation method step is NOT part of the general process outlined?

    <p>Ignoring previous findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When expressing a number in scientific notation, what must the coefficient be between?

    <p>1 and 10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does scientific notation have on calculations involving very large or very small numbers?

    <p>Simplifies them by reducing the length of numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an exact number?

    <p>The number of eggs in a carton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many significant figures does the number 100.0 have?

    <p>4 significant figures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the 'rounding to the even' rule, how should the number 27.55 be rounded to two significant figures?

    <p>27.6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When dealing with significant figures, how do exact numbers affect calculations?

    <p>They do not affect the number of significant figures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about rounding numbers in scientific operations?

    <p>If the number to be dropped is exactly 5, the preceding number is rounded based on its parity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the number 34.84 is rounded to three significant figures, what is the resulting value?

    <p>34.9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct approach to rounding the number 45.50 to one significant figure?

    <p>50</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the 'rounding to the even' rule prevent bias in large datasets?

    <p>It equalizes the chance of rounding up or down when encountering a 5.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the Addition/Subtraction rule?

    <p>Find the number with the least number of decimals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should final answers be rounded according to the Addition/Subtraction rule?

    <p>To the least number of decimal places from Step 1.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Multiplication/Division rule, what should you do first?

    <p>Count the number of significant figures in each number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'good enough' rule of precision?

    <p>To allow some imprecision as long as results are satisfactory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do before performing multiplication/division on a complicated problem?

    <p>Break the problem into multiple steps using the order of operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When converting units, what is an essential step for accuracy?

    <p>Using a common conversion factor correctly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a nurse has 50 mg aspirin tablets and needs to administer 0.2 g, how many tablets does she need?

    <p>4 tablets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk of using 'good enough' numbers in calculations without tracking significant figures?

    <p>Results can lose their acceptable accuracy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Scientific Method and Hypothesis

    • The scientific process often requires formulating and revising hypotheses based on experimental results.
    • The scientific method typically includes observation, hypothesis formulation, experimentation, and conclusion.

    Scientific Notation

    • Scientific notation simplifies the expression of very large or small numbers using powers of ten.
    • Example conversion of a large number: 579,000,000,000 is expressed as 5.79 x 10¹¹.
    • The exponent in scientific notation indicates how many places the decimal moves from the original number.

    Temperature and Thermal Energy

    • Temperature measures the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance; it increases with added thermal energy.
    • Heat is defined as the transfer of thermal energy from warmer to cooler objects.
    • A thermometer, derived from “thermo” (heat) and “meter” (to measure), quantifies temperature changes.

    Kelvin Temperature Scale

    • Lord Kelvin introduced a scale where absolute zero (0 K) represents the point at which molecular motion ceases.
    • The Celsius scale is based on water's freezing (0°C) and boiling points (100°C).

    Significant Figures

    • Significant figures reflect the precision of measurements; they include all known digits and the first estimated digit.
    • Rules:
      • All non-zero digits are significant.
      • Leading zeros are not significant.
      • Trailing zeros after a decimal are significant.
      • Trapped zeros between non-zero digits are significant.
    • Exact numbers, such as counted items, do not affect the significant figures in calculations.

    Rounding Rules

    • Rounding to the even (or "round half to even") method helps reduce bias in large datasets.
    • Rounding rules:
      • If the last digit dropped is 4 or less, the preceding digit remains unchanged.
      • If it is 6 or greater, the preceding digit increases by one.
      • If it is exactly 5, the preceding digit is rounded to the nearest even number.

    Arithmetic with Significant Figures

    • Addition/Subtraction Rule:
      • The answer is rounded to the least number of decimal places in any term.
    • Multiplication/Division Rule:
      • The answer is rounded to the least significant figures from any term involved.

    Conversions and Units

    • Being proficient in converting units is essential, especially in fields like medicine (e.g., converting grams to milligrams).
    • Understanding basic unit equivalencies facilitates accurate dosage calculations and other practical applications.

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    Related Documents

    Lesson 1 - Introduction to General Chemistry PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers fundamental concepts in science and chemistry, including definitions and the scientific method. It aims to assess your understanding of these foundational topics essential to studying the natural universe. Test your knowledge on scientific inquiry and notation.

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