Science Acids and Bases Flashcards

Questions and Answers

A substance with a pH in the range of 0-6 is an example of what?

Neutral solutions

Salts

Acids (correct)

Bases

A substance with a pH in the range of 8-14 is an example of what?

Neutral solutions

Salts

Acids

Bases (correct)

In water, acids form what?

Hydrogen ions

In water, bases form what?

Hydroxide ions Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid?

A strong acid mostly breaks up into ions in a solution, while a weak acid has fewer molecules that break up into ions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a strong base and a weak base?

A strong base fully dissociates into ions, while a weak base only partially dissociates. Signup and view all the answers

Which solution has a greater concentration of hydrogen ions, pH 3 or pH 7?

pH 3 Signup and view all the answers

What are the products formed when a base reacts with an acid?

Water and salt Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH of a neutral solution?

7 Signup and view all the answers

What is a hydroxide ion?

A polyatomic ion made of oxygen and hydrogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH scale?

A series of numbers indicating the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution Signup and view all the answers

What is acid rain?

A problem caused by gases released into the air as pollutants Signup and view all the answers

What is neutralization?

A reaction between an acid and a base Signup and view all the answers

What is salt?

An ionic compound formed from the reaction of an acid with a base Signup and view all the answers

What does an acid taste like?

Sour Signup and view all the answers

What does a base taste like?

Bitter Signup and view all the answers

What color does an acid turn litmus paper?

Red Signup and view all the answers

What color does a base turn litmus paper?

Blue Signup and view all the answers

How does an acid react with carbonates?

Carbon dioxide gas is produced Signup and view all the answers

How does a base react with carbonates?

Does not react Signup and view all the answers

How does an acid react with the metals magnesium, zinc, and iron?

It is corrosive to metals and produces hydrogen gas. Signup and view all the answers

How does a base react with the metals magnesium, zinc, and iron?

Does not react Signup and view all the answers

What does corrosive mean?

A substance that can eat away at certain materials Signup and view all the answers

If a substance reacts with a metal to produce hydrogen gas, what can you infer about the substance?

The substance is an acid Signup and view all the answers

What is an indicator?

A substance that turns different colors in an acid or base Signup and view all the answers

Why are bases often described as the opposites of acids?

Bases are bitter, turn litmus paper blue, and do not react with metals and carbonates the way acids do. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Acids and Bases Overview

Acids are substances with a pH between 0 and 6, indicating higher hydrogen ion concentration.
Bases are substances with a pH from 8 to 14, indicating higher hydroxide ion concentration.
A neutral solution has a pH of 7.

Ion Formation in Water

Acids dissociate in water to produce hydrogen ions (H+).
Bases dissociate in water to produce hydroxide ions (OH-).

Strength of Acids and Bases

Strong acids completely dissociate into ions in a solution, while weak acids partly dissociate.
Strong bases fully dissociate into ions, whereas weak bases only partially dissociate.

Hydrogen Ion Concentration

A solution with a pH of 3 has a greater concentration of hydrogen ions compared to a solution with a pH of 7.

Neutralization and Products

The reaction between an acid and a base results in the formation of water and salt.

Chemical Reactions and Indicators

Acid rain results from atmospheric pollutants and is harmful to the environment.
Foods and taste perception:
- Acids typically have a sour taste.
- Bases usually have a bitter taste.
In litmus tests:
- Acids turn litmus paper red.
- Bases turn litmus paper blue.

Reactivity with Carbonates and Metals

Acids react with carbonates to produce carbon dioxide gas.
Bases generally do not react with carbonates.
Acids react with metals (e.g., magnesium, zinc, iron) producing hydrogen gas and are corrosive.
Bases do not generally react with these metals.

Corrosivity and Classification

Corrosive substances can wear away materials over time.
Substances that react with metals to generate hydrogen gas are classified as acids.
Indicators are substances that change color in the presence of acids or bases.

Bases vs. Acids

Bases are considered "opposites" of acids due to contrasting tastes, effects on litmus paper, and reactivity with metals and carbonates.

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Description

Test your knowledge of acids and bases with these flashcards! This quiz covers key concepts such as the pH scale, definitions of acids and bases, and their behavior in water. Perfect for students looking to strengthen their understanding of basic chemistry concepts.