Science 9 Quarter 3 Reviewer

Large, cone-shaped volcanoes formed from alternating layers of lava, ash, and other volcanic materials.

A funnel-shaped opening at the top of a volcano.

Volcanoes with a wide, gently sloping base formed by the accumulation of fluid lava flows.

The highest point of a volcano.

A large depression formed when a portion of the volcano's summit collapses after a powerful eruption.

An opening in the Earth's surface through which volcanic material erupts.

Lava that is thick and slow-moving.

A mixture of hot gas, ash, and rock fragments that explode from a volcano.

The highest point of a volcano, resembling the top of a mountain.

The opening at the top of a volcano through which molten rock (magma) erupts.

The sides of a volcano that slope downward from the summit.

The lower part of a volcano, where it connects to the ground.

A type of volcano formed by the accumulation of ejected lava fragments (cinders) around a central vent.

Molten rock found beneath the Earth's surface.

Gas bubbles formed within magma due to the heat and pressure.

The process where pressure within a volcano overcomes the strength of the surrounding rock, leading to cracks and eruptions.

A climate pattern where the eastern Pacific Ocean becomes unusually warm, often lasting 9 months to 2 years, and occurring every 2 to 7 years. It disrupts normal weather patterns, such as air flow and rainfall.

A climate pattern opposite to El Niño, characterized by unusually cool water in the eastern Pacific Ocean. It also occurs every 2 to 7 years and can last for months. It often follows El Niño events.

The process where cold, nutrient-rich water rises from the ocean depths to the surface. It is a vital part of marine ecosystems.

Strong winds that typically blow from east to west across the Pacific Ocean, playing a role in El Niño and La Niña.

A major shift in the Pacific Ocean temperature pattern, often associated with fluctuations in rainfall and other weather conditions.

A constellation that represents a swan, named after the spirit of a killed snow goose.

The brightest star in the Cygnus constellation.

A constellation that represents a scorpion, associated with the death of the hunter Orion.

The brightest star within the Scorpius constellation.

A sea god who punished the queen Cassiopeia for her vanity by sending a sea monster to attack her kingdom.

A constellation that is visible throughout the year.

A Greek mythological figure, the giant hunter who was killed by a scorpion.

A queen punished by the sea god Poseidon for her vanity.

The process where warm, moist air rises, cools, condenses, and forms clouds, leading to precipitation on the windward side of a mountain. The dry air then descends on the leeward side, warming and absorbing moisture.

Ocean currents are large-scale movements of water in the ocean, driven by factors like wind, Earth's rotation (Coriolis Effect), and differences in water density.

Ocean currents flowing away from the equator carry warm water, influencing the climate of coastal regions.

A significant, long-term change in the average weather patterns of a region, encompassing factors like temperature, rainfall, and wind.

Natural processes like changes in solar radiation, volcanic eruptions, and variations in Earth's orbit can contribute to climate change.

Human activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels releasing greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, are the primary drivers of current climate change.

Burning fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas releases carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change.

Agricultural practices like raising livestock and using fertilizers release methane and nitrous oxide, greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change.

The brightest star in the constellation Orion.

The constellation Orion is best viewed during the winter months.

Orion was a skilled hunter who boasted about his abilities.

The constellation Ursa Major is also known as the Big Bear.

The two brightest stars in Ursa Major are Dubhe and Merak.

The constellation Ursa Major is visible all year round.

Zeus, the King of the Gods, transformed Callisto into a bear to protect her from his jealous wife, Hera.

Ursa Minor, the Little Bear, contains the Little Dipper and the North Star, Polaris.