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What are the socio-economic responses of a community that can result from environmental phenomena like El Niño?
What are the socio-economic responses of a community that can result from environmental phenomena like El Niño?
Which of the following statements correctly describes the effects of El Niño?
Which of the following statements correctly describes the effects of El Niño?
How does La Niña typically affect areas previously impacted by El Niño?
How does La Niña typically affect areas previously impacted by El Niño?
What defines the occurrence of El Niño in terms of its duration and irregular intervals?
What defines the occurrence of El Niño in terms of its duration and irregular intervals?
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Which mechanism is primarily disrupted during the El Niño phenomenon?
Which mechanism is primarily disrupted during the El Niño phenomenon?
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What punishment did Poseidon impose on Cassiopeia for her vanity?
What punishment did Poseidon impose on Cassiopeia for her vanity?
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What does the constellation Cassiopeia symbolize?
What does the constellation Cassiopeia symbolize?
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Which star is the brightest in the constellation Cygnus?
Which star is the brightest in the constellation Cygnus?
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What event triggered the formation of the snow goose constellation?
What event triggered the formation of the snow goose constellation?
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What animal is associated with the constellation Scorpius?
What animal is associated with the constellation Scorpius?
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Who was the giant hunter associated with the constellation Scorpius?
Who was the giant hunter associated with the constellation Scorpius?
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What was Gaia's reason for sending a scorpion to attack Orion?
What was Gaia's reason for sending a scorpion to attack Orion?
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During which season is the Scorpius constellation best viewed?
During which season is the Scorpius constellation best viewed?
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What is the term for the side where precipitation occurs due to the movement of air upwards?
What is the term for the side where precipitation occurs due to the movement of air upwards?
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Which phenomenon describes the direction in which ocean currents flow due to the Earth's rotation?
Which phenomenon describes the direction in which ocean currents flow due to the Earth's rotation?
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How do ocean currents affect the climate of a coastal region when they carry cold water?
How do ocean currents affect the climate of a coastal region when they carry cold water?
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What term describes a lasting change in climate parameters such as temperature and rainfall?
What term describes a lasting change in climate parameters such as temperature and rainfall?
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Which of the following is NOT a natural cause of climate change?
Which of the following is NOT a natural cause of climate change?
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What characteristic of magma contributes to the formation of gas bubbles as it rises?
What characteristic of magma contributes to the formation of gas bubbles as it rises?
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What greenhouse gas is predominantly emitted through agricultural practices?
What greenhouse gas is predominantly emitted through agricultural practices?
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Which process do ocean currents that carry warm water contribute to when they reach land?
Which process do ocean currents that carry warm water contribute to when they reach land?
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Which part of a volcano is referred to as the apex?
Which part of a volcano is referred to as the apex?
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What process occurs when pressure within the volcano exceeds the strength of the overlying rock?
What process occurs when pressure within the volcano exceeds the strength of the overlying rock?
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Which of the following represents a significant human activity contributing to climate change?
Which of the following represents a significant human activity contributing to climate change?
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Cinder cone volcanoes are primarily formed from which of the following materials?
Cinder cone volcanoes are primarily formed from which of the following materials?
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In terms of structure, how does a cinder cone volcano primarily differ from other types of volcanoes?
In terms of structure, how does a cinder cone volcano primarily differ from other types of volcanoes?
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What causes the gradual increase in pressure inside a volcano?
What causes the gradual increase in pressure inside a volcano?
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What feature serves as the opening for gas and magma to escape from a volcano?
What feature serves as the opening for gas and magma to escape from a volcano?
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Which part of the volcano is described as the lower outer section?
Which part of the volcano is described as the lower outer section?
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What is the primary reason that Orion and Scorpius are placed in the sky at different times?
What is the primary reason that Orion and Scorpius are placed in the sky at different times?
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Which brightest star represents Ursa Major?
Which brightest star represents Ursa Major?
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What transformation did Zeus perform to protect Callisto from Hera?
What transformation did Zeus perform to protect Callisto from Hera?
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During which season is Orion best viewed?
During which season is Orion best viewed?
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What was the fate of Arcas when he almost shot his mother, Callisto?
What was the fate of Arcas when he almost shot his mother, Callisto?
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Which constellation is associated with the story of a hunter and his downfall due to boastfulness?
Which constellation is associated with the story of a hunter and his downfall due to boastfulness?
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What is the best season to view Ursa Minor?
What is the best season to view Ursa Minor?
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Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between Zeus, Callisto, and Arcas?
Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between Zeus, Callisto, and Arcas?
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Which type of volcanoes are characterized by steep-sided cones formed from alternating layers of lava flows and volcanic materials?
Which type of volcanoes are characterized by steep-sided cones formed from alternating layers of lava flows and volcanic materials?
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What is the primary reason eruptions at shield volcanoes tend to be less explosive?
What is the primary reason eruptions at shield volcanoes tend to be less explosive?
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What is a caldera?
What is a caldera?
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Which statement accurately differentiates shield volcanoes from composite volcanoes?
Which statement accurately differentiates shield volcanoes from composite volcanoes?
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What is typically true about the material composition of composite volcanoes?
What is typically true about the material composition of composite volcanoes?
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Which feature represents the highest point of a volcano?
Which feature represents the highest point of a volcano?
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Which type of volcano is typically the most abundant among the three major types?
Which type of volcano is typically the most abundant among the three major types?
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Which volcano type has eruptions that can become explosive if water enters the vent?
Which volcano type has eruptions that can become explosive if water enters the vent?
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Study Notes
Science 9 Quarter 3 Reviewer
- This document is a reviewer for Science 9, Quarter 3, from Tagaytay City National High School.
- The document covers topics like Volcanoes, Volcanic Eruptions, Geothermal Energy, Factors that Affect Climate, and Constellations.
- The reviewer is organized into modules, focusing on different scientific concepts and issues.
Volcanoes and Volcanic Eruptions
- Magma: High-temperature magma inside a volcano rises, causing gas bubbles to form and increasing pressure.
- Fracturing: Pressure exceeding rock strength can cause fracturing and more bubble formation.
- Parts of a volcano: Summit (highest point), slopes (sides), and base (lower part).
- Cinder cones: Built from solidified lava fragments ejected from a single vent; form a cone shape.
- Composite Volcanoes/Stratovolcanoes: Large, steep-sided, symmetrical; formed from alternating layers of lava flows, and materials; have viscous lava.
- Shield Volcanoes: Large, broad, and built from fluid lava flows; low slopes and formed from low viscous lava.
Types of Volcanic Eruptions
- Phreatic/Hydrothermal: Short-lived eruption caused by contact between hot rocks and water.
- Phreatomagmatic: Violent eruption due to the contact between water and magma, emitting fine ash and pyroclastics.
- Strombolian: Periodic, weak to violent eruptions characterized by lava fountains.
- Vulcanian: Tall eruption columns reaching up to 20 km high, with pyroclastic flows and ashfall.
- Plinian: Excessively explosive eruptions of gas and pyroclastic materials.
Geothermal Energy
- Geothermal energy produces electricity by harnessing the Earth's heat to produce steam.
- Wells are drilled deep into the earth to pump hot water or steam, which is used to spin turbines generating electricity.
Factors Affecting Climate
- Latitude: Places farther from the equator are colder. Places closer to the equator are warmer.
- Altitude: Higher altitude locations tend to be colder, while lower altitude locations are warmer.
- Bodies of Water: Bodies of water moderate temperatures, evening out daily and seasonal changes.
Topography
- Topography features like mountains affect wind patterns. Windward sides experience precipitation, while leeward sides are dry.
Ocean Currents
- Ocean currents are driven by the Coriolis effect and move either clockwise or counterclockwise.
- Warm currents warm the air above, while cold currents cool the air above.
Climate Change
- Climate change refers to significant, lasting changes in global climate characteristics.
Impacts of Climate Change
- Rising sea levels: Thermal expansion of water and melting of ice.
- Drought: Increased risk of natural fires, impacting populations and ecosystems.
- Extreme weather conditions: Unusual or severe weather events.
- Agriculture affects: Impact on crop productivity
- Human health affects: Diseases, deaths, food security
- Community impacts: Homelessness, social violence, migration, and unemployment
El Niño and La Niña
- El Niño: Lengthy warming of the eastern Pacific Ocean, causing drought in some areas and flooding in others.
- La Niña: Cooling of the eastern Pacific, often occurring after an El Niño event; opposite effects to El Niño.
Characteristics of Stars
- Stars vary in color and luminosity, depending on temperature and size.
- The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (HR diagram) is a graph plotting stellar luminosity against temperature, and this helps show how stars evolve.
- Main sequence stars occupy a band on the HR diagram, including our Sun.
- Other stars are in various stages of their life cycles (e.g., giants, supergiants, white dwarfs).
Constellations
- Constellations are patterns of stars in the night sky.
- The IAU recognized 88 constellations.
- Some constellations are circumpolar—always visible from a given latitude. Others are not.
- Constellations have myths and stories associated with them.
- Zodiac constellations: lie along the plane of the ecliptic.
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Description
This quiz serves as a comprehensive reviewer for Science 9, Quarter 3. It focuses on essential topics such as volcanoes, volcanic eruptions, geothermal energy, climate factors, and constellations. Students will benefit from the organized modules that emphasize key scientific concepts and issues.
