Science 9 Biology Respiratory System Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

Facilitating gas exchange (correct)

Producing hormones

Regulating body temperature

Circulating blood throughout the body

Which of the following structures is part of the upper respiratory tract?

Nasal Cavity (correct)

Lungs

Alveoli

Trachea

What happens during inhalation?

Carbon dioxide is absorbed

The chest cavity contracts

Air is expelled from the lungs

The diaphragm contracts and moves down (correct)

Which type of respiration is demonstrated by earthworms?

Cutaneous Respiration Signup and view all the answers

How many times does a normal person breathe when at rest?

13 times per minute Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the epiglottis in the respiratory system?

Protects the larynx during swallowing Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is primarily responsible for gas exchange within the lungs?

Alveoli Signup and view all the answers

Which organisms primarily use gills for gas exchange?

Fishes Signup and view all the answers

What bacteria is responsible for causing tuberculosis?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT associated with the common cold?

Chest pain Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by persistent cough and can lead to long-term effects?

Bronchitis Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of bronchitis aside from viral infections?

Exposure to industrial pollutants Signup and view all the answers

What symptom suggests a severe progression of tuberculosis?

Night sweats Signup and view all the answers

What defines the phenotype of an organism?

The observable traits of an organism Signup and view all the answers

Incomplete dominance results in which type of phenotype formation?

An intermediate phenotype in heterozygotes Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes codominance?

Both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes multiple alleles?

A single gene with more than two alleles present Signup and view all the answers

What type of inheritance pattern does the ABO blood typing system illustrate?

Codominance Signup and view all the answers

The Rh factor in blood typing is primarily responsible for determining what?

The blood type being positive or negative Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is NOT a characteristic of the P1 generation?

They are the hybrid offspring of the F1 generation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the clumping of particles in blood due to antigen-antibody interactions?

Agglutination Signup and view all the answers

What is the blood genotype for type O?

ii Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following traits is categorized as X-linked?

Color blindness Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a sex-limited trait?

It can be observed in one sex despite both having the necessary genes. Signup and view all the answers

Who first developed a model of the double-helix structure of DNA?

Rosalind Franklin Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT one of the building blocks of DNA?

Hydrogen Signup and view all the answers

What defines sex-influenced traits?

They exhibit variable expression between sexes. Signup and view all the answers

What term did Johann Friedrich Miescher coin while studying white blood cells?

Nuclein Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a sex-limited trait?

Color blindness Signup and view all the answers

Which nitrogenous bases are classified as purines?

Guanine and Adenine Signup and view all the answers

What type of chromosome pair comprises sex chromosomes?

Diploid pairs Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of chromosomes in a child with Down Syndrome?

47 chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hydrogen bonds in the structure of DNA?

To stabilize the base pairs Signup and view all the answers

How many sets of chromosomes does a diploid organism have?

Two sets Signup and view all the answers

What does a karyotype show?

The complete set of chromosomes of an individual Signup and view all the answers

What can cause physical and intellectual anomalies in a child?

An extra chromosome in a pair Signup and view all the answers

What is the total chromosome count in Turner Syndrome?

45 chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Respiratory System

Breathing involves gas exchange essential for respiration: O2 + C6H12O6 → CO2 + H2O + ATP.
Upper Respiratory Tract includes the nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, and epiglottis.
Two forms of breathing: inhalation brings in O2, while exhalation releases CO2.
Lower Respiratory Tract encompasses the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and diaphragm.

Types of Respiration

Cutaneous Respiration: Gas exchange through the skin, typical in earthworms.
Gills: Adapted for underwater gas exchange found in fish.
Tracheal System: Notable in insects with spiracles for gas exchange.

Genetics and Inheritance

Phenotype reflects an organism's observable traits; influenced by genotype and environment.
Incomplete Dominance: Heterozygous individuals show an intermediate phenotype.
Codominance: Both alleles appear equally in a heterozygote.
Multiple Alleles: More than two allele forms for a single gene (e.g., ABO blood type).

Blood Typing

ABO blood types stem from antigens on RBC surfaces.
Rh factor determines blood positivity or negativity; observed in Rhesus monkeys.
Universal donor type is O, while AB is the universal recipient.

Common Respiratory Diseases

Common Cold: Caused by rhinoviruses, symptoms include sneezing and congestion.
Tuberculosis: 9th leading cause of death; caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, characterized by bad cough and weight loss.
Bronchitis: Inflammation of bronchial tubes, often caused by viral infections or pollutants.

Basic Genetics Concepts

DNA: Discovered in WBCs by Johann Friedrich Miescher; termed "nuclein."
Nitrogenous Bases: Consist of adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine; paired A-T and C-G.
Chromosomes: Humans have 23 pairs (46 total), including sex chromosomes (23rd pair).

Types of Genetic Traits

X-Linked Traits: Inherited through X or Y chromosomes (e.g., color blindness).
Sex-Limited Traits: Features observable only in one sex (e.g., lactation).
Sex-Influenced Traits: Autosomal traits that express differently in sexes (e.g., baldness).

Chromosomal Abnormalities

Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21): Extra chromosome resulting in 47 total.
Turner Syndrome: Missing sex chromosome, resulting in 45 total chromosomes; leads to underdeveloped female reproductive systems.

Karyotype and Chromosomes

Karyotype is a complete set of an individual’s chromosomes.
Each chromosome contains chromatids joined at the centromere.

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Description

This quiz reviews the key concepts of the respiratory system as covered in the Science 9 curriculum. It explores the processes of breathing and cellular respiration, along with the gas exchange that occurs in the body. Ideal for students in the 9-Mendeleev class preparing for their exams.