LAT Chapter 12 Rs Methodology
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the role of laboratory animal technicians in research studies?

  • They advocate for animals in research
  • They analyze data collected from animal studies
  • They conduct experiments on animals
  • They monitor and anticipate health changes in animals caused by a study (correct)

    • What is the goal of toxicology studies in animal research?

  • To verify product safety
  • To monitor and anticipate health changes in animals caused by a study
  • To find new cures for diseases
  • To assess the toxicity of substances administered to animals (correct)

    • What are the areas of expertise required for toxicologists?

  • Pharmacology, biochemistry, and physics
  • Pharmacology, biochemistry, and sociology
  • Pharmacology, biochemistry, and physiology (correct)
  • Pharmacology, biochemistry, and psychology

    • Which type of radiation exposure is accomplished using lead shields to protect certain parts of the body?

    <p>Partial-body radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common source of radiation used in gamma irradiators for experimental purposes?

    <p>Cesium isotopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has enabled researchers to create mice with specific immune system genes either turned off, overexpressed, induced, or conditionally expressed?

    <p>Transgenic and Knockout Technologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunodeficiency model is an excellent model for investigating cancers?

    <p>SCID mice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mice lack natural killer (NK) cells?

    <p>Beige mice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of induced immunodeficiency is faster and more easily controlled compared to other methods?

    <p>Irradiation-induced immunodeficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mice have a hereditary B cell defect?

    <p>CBA/N mice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immune cells are used in the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test?

    <p>Amebocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using immunodeficient animals in research?

    <p>To study the effects of immune system deficiencies on tumor cell lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of T cells in the immune system?

    <p>To attack viruses and tumor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the nude mutation in mice?

    <p>It causes hairlessness and a lack of T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Draize Test?

    <p>To assess the same criteria as the in vitro test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between subacute and subchronic studies?

    <p>Subacute studies investigate the effects of repeated administrations or prolonged exposure to a substance, while subchronic studies investigate the effects of a single administration of a substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical number of animals per sex in a subacute study group?

    <p>10 rodents or 2 to 3 non-rodents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred non-rodent model for toxicity studies?

    <p>Dogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the controversy surrounding the Draize Test?

    <p>The test is unethical due to the perceived cruelty towards animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of satellite animals in toxicity studies?

    <p>To determine the toxicokinetics of the substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many rodents per sex per group are required for chronic studies?

    <p>20 rodents or 4 nonrodents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of reproductive and developmental toxicity studies?

    <p>To investigate the effect of a test substance on the fetus at various stages of the reproductive cycle and gestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Segment II studies in reproductive and developmental studies?

    <p>To evaluate fetal toxicity during the period of fetal organ development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test used for?

    <p>To detect bacterial toxins in medical products administered by injection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Segment III studies in reproductive and developmental studies?

    <p>To evaluate the effect of a substance during gestation, parturition, and lactation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a pyrogen test used for?

    <p>To detect bacterial toxins in medical products administered by injection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding acute toxicity studies?

    <p>Fish are often used for determining chemical safety of substances such as drugs in acute toxicity studies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a way to categorize toxicity tests?

    <p>By the color of the toxic substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is irritancy in toxicology?

    <p>Causing irritation, typically of the skin and eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of acute toxicity testing?

    <p>To classify toxic agents and identify safe exposure levels of a toxic substance for a short period of time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Animal research is solely focused on finding new cures for human diseases.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Laboratory animal technicians are not involved in the conduct of a study or test.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Toxicologists only need to be familiar with the science of poisons and their effects on living organisms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acute toxicity tests involve exposure to a toxicant for a short period, usually less than 24 hours

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Subchronic tests involve administration of a single dose of the toxic substance

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carcinogenesis refers to the induction of mutations in the DNA

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The OECD guidelines for acute toxicity testing have replaced the LD50 test with methods that use more animals

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    SCID mice are unable to produce any immune system cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    SCID mice are unable to mount either a cell-mediated or an antibody response to infection.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chemotherapy drugs used to suppress immunity interfere with DNA or RNA synthesis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Induced tolerance is the only method of introducing immunodeficiencies into animal models.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Subchronic studies typically require 10 rodents or 3 non-rodents per sex per group.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Recovery animals are used to assess the reversibility of any changes from toxic effects during dosing.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood microsampling techniques can eliminate the use of satellite animals for the purpose of toxicokinetic analyses.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic studies require more animals per sex per group than subchronic studies.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is a gamma irradiator the most common type of irradiation equipment for experimental purposes?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is low-dose semi-continuous radiation a continuous exposure to radiation?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is it necessary to have specially trained operators and a radiation safety program when handling irradiation equipment?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test is used as an alternative to rabbit assays for detecting bacterial toxins in medical products?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Monocyte activation tests can detect both nonbacterial pyrogens and a wider variety of bacterial toxins?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Immunodeficient animals are incapable of rejecting transplants or tissue?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Nude mice lack a thymus gland and therefore cannot develop T cells, making them T cell-deficient?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reproductive toxicity studies are only conducted in rodents.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Segment II studies evaluate fetal toxicity in a rodent and a non-rodent species.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pyrogen tests involve administering the product intravenously to several animals and recording their body temperature.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Limulus amebocyte lysate test uses the hemolymph of the horseshoe crab to detect bacterial toxins.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The Draize test is no longer commonly used due to its subjectivity and lack of reproducibility?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: In vitro testing using three-dimensional models of the skin and cornea have been extensively validated and have correlated well with the Draize test?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Developing models of acute toxicity using ex vivo and in vitro testing is challenging due to the complexity of both the skin and eye?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Global regulatory testing guidelines generally require studies in one rodent and one nonrodent species, with rats, dogs, or nonhuman primates being the preferred non-rodent models?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

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