60 Questions
Which of the following best describes the role of laboratory animal technicians in research studies?
They monitor and anticipate health changes in animals caused by a study
What is the goal of toxicology studies in animal research?
To assess the toxicity of substances administered to animals
What are the areas of expertise required for toxicologists?
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and physiology
Which type of radiation exposure is accomplished using lead shields to protect certain parts of the body?
Partial-body radiation
What is the most common source of radiation used in gamma irradiators for experimental purposes?
Cesium isotopes
What has enabled researchers to create mice with specific immune system genes either turned off, overexpressed, induced, or conditionally expressed?
Transgenic and Knockout Technologies
Which type of immunodeficiency model is an excellent model for investigating cancers?
SCID mice
Which type of mice lack natural killer (NK) cells?
Beige mice
Which method of induced immunodeficiency is faster and more easily controlled compared to other methods?
Irradiation-induced immunodeficiency
Which type of mice have a hereditary B cell defect?
CBA/N mice
Which type of immune cells are used in the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test?
Amebocytes
What is the purpose of using immunodeficient animals in research?
To study the effects of immune system deficiencies on tumor cell lines
What is the role of T cells in the immune system?
To attack viruses and tumor cells
What is the significance of the nude mutation in mice?
It causes hairlessness and a lack of T cells
What is the purpose of the Draize Test?
To assess the same criteria as the in vitro test
What is the difference between subacute and subchronic studies?
Subacute studies investigate the effects of repeated administrations or prolonged exposure to a substance, while subchronic studies investigate the effects of a single administration of a substance
What is the typical number of animals per sex in a subacute study group?
10 rodents or 2 to 3 non-rodents
What is the preferred non-rodent model for toxicity studies?
Dogs
What is the controversy surrounding the Draize Test?
The test is unethical due to the perceived cruelty towards animals
What is the purpose of satellite animals in toxicity studies?
To determine the toxicokinetics of the substance
How many rodents per sex per group are required for chronic studies?
20 rodents or 4 nonrodents
What is the purpose of reproductive and developmental toxicity studies?
To investigate the effect of a test substance on the fetus at various stages of the reproductive cycle and gestation
What is the purpose of Segment II studies in reproductive and developmental studies?
To evaluate fetal toxicity during the period of fetal organ development.
What is the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test used for?
To detect bacterial toxins in medical products administered by injection.
What is the purpose of Segment III studies in reproductive and developmental studies?
To evaluate the effect of a substance during gestation, parturition, and lactation.
What is a pyrogen test used for?
To detect bacterial toxins in medical products administered by injection.
Which of the following is true regarding acute toxicity studies?
Fish are often used for determining chemical safety of substances such as drugs in acute toxicity studies.
Which of the following is NOT a way to categorize toxicity tests?
By the color of the toxic substance
What is irritancy in toxicology?
Causing irritation, typically of the skin and eye.
What is the purpose of acute toxicity testing?
To classify toxic agents and identify safe exposure levels of a toxic substance for a short period of time.
Animal research is solely focused on finding new cures for human diseases.
False
Laboratory animal technicians are not involved in the conduct of a study or test.
False
Toxicologists only need to be familiar with the science of poisons and their effects on living organisms.
False
Acute toxicity tests involve exposure to a toxicant for a short period, usually less than 24 hours
True
Subchronic tests involve administration of a single dose of the toxic substance
False
Carcinogenesis refers to the induction of mutations in the DNA
False
The OECD guidelines for acute toxicity testing have replaced the LD50 test with methods that use more animals
False
SCID mice are unable to produce any immune system cells.
False
SCID mice are unable to mount either a cell-mediated or an antibody response to infection.
True
Chemotherapy drugs used to suppress immunity interfere with DNA or RNA synthesis.
True
Induced tolerance is the only method of introducing immunodeficiencies into animal models.
False
Subchronic studies typically require 10 rodents or 3 non-rodents per sex per group.
False
Recovery animals are used to assess the reversibility of any changes from toxic effects during dosing.
True
Blood microsampling techniques can eliminate the use of satellite animals for the purpose of toxicokinetic analyses.
True
Chronic studies require more animals per sex per group than subchronic studies.
True
Is a gamma irradiator the most common type of irradiation equipment for experimental purposes?
True
Is low-dose semi-continuous radiation a continuous exposure to radiation?
False
Is it necessary to have specially trained operators and a radiation safety program when handling irradiation equipment?
True
True or false: The Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test is used as an alternative to rabbit assays for detecting bacterial toxins in medical products?
True
True or false: Monocyte activation tests can detect both nonbacterial pyrogens and a wider variety of bacterial toxins?
True
True or false: Immunodeficient animals are incapable of rejecting transplants or tissue?
True
True or false: Nude mice lack a thymus gland and therefore cannot develop T cells, making them T cell-deficient?
True
Reproductive toxicity studies are only conducted in rodents.
False
Segment II studies evaluate fetal toxicity in a rodent and a non-rodent species.
True
Pyrogen tests involve administering the product intravenously to several animals and recording their body temperature.
False
The Limulus amebocyte lysate test uses the hemolymph of the horseshoe crab to detect bacterial toxins.
True
True or false: The Draize test is no longer commonly used due to its subjectivity and lack of reproducibility?
True
True or false: In vitro testing using three-dimensional models of the skin and cornea have been extensively validated and have correlated well with the Draize test?
True
True or false: Developing models of acute toxicity using ex vivo and in vitro testing is challenging due to the complexity of both the skin and eye?
True
True or false: Global regulatory testing guidelines generally require studies in one rodent and one nonrodent species, with rats, dogs, or nonhuman primates being the preferred non-rodent models?
True
Test your knowledge on SCID mice, a model for severe combined immunodeficiency disorder. Learn about the genetic defect that causes absence of T and B cells, resulting in a compromised immune response.
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