LAT Chapter 8 Genetics & Breeding Colony Management
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT required to manage a breeding colony?

  • An understanding of genetics
  • An understanding of anatomy
  • An understanding of nutrition (correct)
  • An understanding of recordkeeping

    • What is the purpose of chromosomes in a cell?

  • To store genetic material (correct)
  • To determine physical characteristics
  • To produce gametes
  • To code for specific proteins

    • What are alleles?

  • The genes collectively referred to as the genome
  • Different versions of the same genes (correct)
  • The genetic material of every nucleated cell
  • Segments along the strands of DNA

    • Which of the following best describes a homozygous animal?

    <p>An animal with two identical alleles for a particular gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of determining the genotype of an animal?

    <p>To decide whether the animal can be used for breeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when DNA from a different source is inserted into an animal's genome?

    <p>Transgenic animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the technique used to insert new DNA into the developing cells of an animal?

    <p>Electroporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is commonly used to determine genotype?

    <p>PCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe an animal that has some cells containing the new gene and some without the new gene?

    <p>Chimera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most desirable chimera?

    <p>Germline transmission chimera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis in DNA testing?

    <p>To separate DNA fragments by size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a visible phenotype?

    <p>The shape of a fish's fin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a rotarod machine?

    <p>To test the coordination of a rodent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is gene linkage?

    <p>The location of genes on the same chromosome and their tendency to be inherited together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of nomenclature in relation to mice strains and stocks?

    <p>To characterize outbred stocks and inbred, hybrid, and transgenic strains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of the non-intensive breeding method mentioned in the text?

    <p>Mice are mated in the male's home cage, which can lead to territorial marking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the disadvantages of the non-intensive breeding method mentioned in the text?

    <p>Labor costs are higher due to the need to move animals in and out of breeding cages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge of recordkeeping in the non-intensive breeding method mentioned in the text?

    <p>Recordkeeping is labor-intensive because it requires tracking which male has been with which females.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an inbred mouse strain?

    <p>BALB/c</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mating system involves breeding one female with one male and leaving them together for the long term?

    <p>Monogamous Mating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mating system is commonly used for mice and involves breeding two or more females with one male?

    <p>Harem Mating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which breeding method is characterized by keeping the male continuously with the female or females?

    <p>Intensive Breeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: An animal's genome refers to the specific sequences of its genes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Different versions of the same genes are called chromosomes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Alleles are different physical characteristics of the same gene.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Phenotype is the observable result of genes and how they interact with the environment?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Behavioral phenotypes include aggressive or timid behavior and excessive fear responses?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Physiological phenotypes can be measured by histology or pathology?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Linked genes are located adjacent to one another on different chromosomes?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Inbred mouse strains are usually designated by numbers only.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The substrain symbol in mouse strains follows the strain name and is separated from it by a diagonal slash.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Outbred stocks are usually designated by capital letters or a combination of capital letters and numbers.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Harem mating system demands the largest cage size among all mating schemes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Transgenic animals have had DNA from a different source inserted into their genome in a targeted manner?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Pronuclear injection is a technique where genes are injected into a pronucleus of a fertilized egg and the DNA is incorporated randomly into the chromosomes as they divide and develop?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Homologous recombination is a technique where embryonic stem cells are collected and used to produce embryonic stem cell lines, and the mutated gene is inserted into these cells by electroporation?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: All cells in the developing blastocyst are tested to determine which ones have incorporated the mutated gene in the process of gene targeting by homologous recombination?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Labor costs are higher in the non-intensive breeding method due to the need to move animals in and out of breeding cages?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The benefit of postpartum estrus is lost in the non-intensive breeding method because no male is present at parturition?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Recordkeeping in the non-intensive breeding method is less labor-intensive compared to other breeding methods?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Chimeras are easily recognized because they have more than one coat color, resulting in a mottled appearance.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: PCR is a molecular biology technique used to determine the genotype by generating multiple copies of the gene of interest in a process known as amplification.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to visualize the amplified gene through the separation of DNA fragments according to their size.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Personal hygiene and preventing cross-contamination are important when collecting samples for PCR tests to ensure accurate results.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a breeding colony and what factors should be considered in managing one?

    <p>The purpose of a breeding colony is to provide animal strains or stocks to meet the requirements of a specific research protocol. Factors to consider in managing a breeding colony include anatomy, physiology, breeding schemes, progeny management, basic genetics, genotyping, phenotyping, and recordkeeping.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are chromosomes and how are they related to genes?

    <p>Chromosomes are coiled structures that contain the genetic material of every nucleated cell. Each diploid cell has two copies of each chromosome, while gametes (sex cells) have one copy. Genes are segments along the strands of DNA that have specific sequences and are located on the chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are alleles and how do they contribute to genetic variation?

    <p>Alleles are different versions of the same gene. They contribute to genetic variation by causing different physical characteristics in individuals of the same species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis in DNA testing?

    <p>The purpose of gel electrophoresis in DNA testing is to separate the DNA fragments based on their size and determine if a specific gene is present in the sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when DNA from a different source is inserted into an animal's genome?

    <p>The process of inserting DNA from a different source into an animal's genome is called transgenesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the most desirable characteristics of a chimera?

    <p>The most desirable characteristics of a chimera are the incorporation of the new gene in the germ cells (egg and sperm) and a mottled appearance resulting from more than one coat color.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is personal hygiene and preventing cross-contamination important when collecting samples for PCR tests?

    <p>Personal hygiene and preventing cross-contamination are important when collecting samples for PCR tests to avoid contamination from external sources, ensuring accurate and reliable results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of visible phenotypes in genetically modified animals?

    <p>Examples of visible phenotypes include a mouse's coat color or the shape of a fish's fin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of behavioral phenotypes in genetically modified animals?

    <p>Examples of behavioral phenotypes include aggressive or timid behavior and excessive fear responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of physiological phenotypes in genetically modified animals?

    <p>Examples of physiological phenotypes include the capability to mount an immune response or to secrete varying levels of enzymes in tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is gene linkage and what is a classic example of gene linkage?

    <p>Gene linkage refers to when genes are located adjacent to one another on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together. A classic example of gene linkage is the linking of the recessive genes for albino (white) coat color and pink eyes on mouse chromosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the advantages and disadvantages of intensive breeding?

    <p>The advantages of intensive breeding include simplified recordkeeping, reduced aggression, and maximized number of litters per female. The disadvantages include higher demand for space, overcrowding, and the need for timely weaning of litters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the advantages and disadvantages of non-intensive breeding?

    <p>The advantages of non-intensive breeding include reduced risk of fighting between females and prevention of newborns being killed by the male. The disadvantages include challenges in timing litters, lack of postpartum estrus, and the need for separate housing for the stud male.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the differences between polygamous and harem mating systems?

    <p>In polygamous mating, females are removed from the mating cage once they are pregnant, while in harem mating, the group is kept together. Polygamous mating allows for easier recordkeeping, while harem mating can result in difficulties in identifying offspring belonging to each mother.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors should be considered when pairing animals for mating?

    <p>Factors such as species characteristics, genetics, space availability, and study requirements should be considered when pairing animals for mating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous animals?

    <p>Homozygous animals have both alleles the same, while heterozygous animals have different alleles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genotype of an organism?

    <p>The genetic makeup of an organism with reference to a single trait, set of traits, or an entire complex of traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are transgenic animals created through pronuclear injection?

    <p>Genes are injected into the pronucleus of a fertilized egg, and the DNA is incorporated randomly into the chromosomes as they divide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is homologous recombination?

    <p>Homologous recombination is a technique where embryonic stem cells are used to produce ES cell lines, and the mutated gene is inserted into these cells through electroporation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some potential disadvantages of the non-intensive breeding method mentioned in the text?

    <p>Labor costs may be higher due to the need to move animals in and out of breeding cages. The benefit of postpartum estrus is lost because no male is present at parturition. Recordkeeping is labor-intensive because records must track which male has been with which females.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the non-intensive breeding method, how are animals commonly mated if the male marks territory?

    <p>The animals are commonly mated in the male's home cage to minimize the time for breeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is recordkeeping labor-intensive in the non-intensive breeding method?

    <p>Recordkeeping is labor-intensive because records must track which male has been with which females.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the challenges of recordkeeping in the non-intensive breeding method?

    <p>Recordkeeping is labor-intensive because records must track which male has been with which females.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the disadvantages of the non-intensive breeding method mentioned in the text?

    <p>Labor costs may be higher because animals need to be moved in and out of breeding cages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are mice mated in the non-intensive breeding method to minimize breeding time?

    <p>Mice are mated in a cage the male has already marked as his territory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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