School-Age Children Developmental Milestones

Parenting School-Age Children

• One of the high points for most parents raising school-age children is watching them gain independence and self-confidence.
• Well-equipped parents become role models, guides, and mentors for their school-age children.
• Many school-age children struggle with self-regulation and emotional control.

Importance of Parenting

• Parents must impart values, morals, and life skills to their school-age children.
• Parents need to provide structure, limits, and consequences in addition to praise and encouragement.

Child Development

• School-age children gradually become ready for more independence and responsibility.
• The main thrust in healthcare of children is to promote healthy development and prevent disease.
• The objective in the care of children is to provide a supportive environment that fosters growth and development.
• The most important contributing factor influencing the care of children is the family.

Communication and Growth

• Play is a natural medium of expression, communication, and growth in children.
• Recent brain research indicates that a child's brain development is shaped by experiences and interactions.

Learning and Development

• Children learn new things through active participation and hands-on experiences.
• Outdoor play is recommended as a daily activity for children.
• Parents should consider providing opportunities for socialization and exploration during their child's early years.

Theories of Development

• The main concept underlying Erikson's Psychosocial Development is the formation of identity and self-awareness.
• Freud's theory primarily focuses on the role of unconscious desires and childhood experiences in shaping behavior.
• Piaget's Cognitive theory emphasizes the role of active learning and schema development.
• Epigenesis is a concept borrowed from embryology that emphasizes the sequential and organized development of living organisms.
• Erikson's Psychosocial Development is based on the concept of epigenesis.
• The theory that emphasizes development occurs in sequential, clearly defined stages is Erikson's Psychosocial Development.

Psychosexual Development

• During the oral stage, a child's major site of tension and gratification is the mouth.
• In Erikson's psychosocial development, the task during the anal stage is to acknowledge the child's beginning independence and awareness of their body and abilities.
• The main source of interest in the toddler stage of psychosexual development is bowel control and toilet training.
• During the pre-school age in the Oedipal/Phallic stage, the focus of interest, stimulation, and excitement is the genitals.
• In the school age during the latency stage, the period is characterized by a focus on learning and skills development.
• During adolescence, the genital stage is characterized by an increase in sexual feelings and exploration.
• Identity vs. role confusion is a task associated with adolescence in Erikson's psychosocial development.
• In Erikson's psychosocial development, during the infancy stage, the task of the child and environment is to establish trust.
• Freud suggests that during the oral stage, a child obtains pleasure and satisfaction through sucking and eating.

Learn about the enjoyable experience of raising school-age children, watching them try new activities, cheering them on at athletic events, and applauding their accomplishments. Discover how to be well-equipped parents and excellent coaches for your child, celebrating and building on their strengths.