Questions and Answers
What factors are included in Schneider's Dynamic Model?
What is meant by 'koineization'?
Mutual adjustment of pronunciation and lexical usage for understanding among speakers.
The initial contact between settlers and indigenous populations serves primarily social purposes.
False
During Phase 1, the initial contact between different language groups in the STL stream results in _______ contact.
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What term describes the local identity that evolves among British expatriates in the colonies?
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Match the following terms with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Schneider’s Dynamic Model Overview
- Focuses on the evolution of English in postcolonial settings and language contact dynamics.
Parameters of the Model
- Extralinguistic Factors: Include historical events, sociopolitical background, and the evolution of Postcolonial Englishes.
- Identity Constructions: Defined perspectives of the involved parties, impacting intergroup relations.
- Sociolinguistic Determinants: Language contact conditions, usage patterns, and attitudes towards languages shape interactions.
- Structural Effects: Resultant language varieties emerge through contact processes.
Phase 1: Foundation
- Sociopolitical Background: Initial English introduction occurs by a distinct group of settlers in a non-English territory. Relationships between settlers (STL) and indigenous (IDG) groups may vary from antagonistic to amicable.
- Identity Constructions: Awareness of each group's distinct identity begins through migration, establishing a foundation for interaction and modification.
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Sociolinguistic Conditions:
- Two types of contact:
- Dialect Contact: Interaction among settlers from different British regions.
- Indigenous Interaction: Initial utilitarian language contact, primarily for trade and negotiation, with minimal mutual understanding.
- Limited cross-cultural communication primarily for specialized functions leads to marginal bilingualism in the local population.
- Two types of contact:
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Linguistic Effects:
- Koineization: Adjustments in pronunciation and vocabulary facilitate mutually intelligible communication.
- Toponymic Borrowing: Frequent and persistent borrowing of place names.
- Incipient Pidginization: Development of simplified language for limited contact situations.
Phase 2: Exonormative Stabilization
- Sociopolitical Background: Political stabilization under British dominance leads to established colonies or communities, with English formally integrated into administration and education.
- Identity Constructions: British community identities evolve to include a "British plus" aspect, reflecting local colonial experiences, leading to the concept of a hybrid cultural identity.
- Sociolinguistic Conditions: Increased bilingualism develops among the indigenous population through education and greater interactions, fostering deeper language contact.
- Linguistic Effects: Growth in English familiarity among indigenous groups reflects broader societal changes and increasing sociolinguistic integration.
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Description
This quiz explores Schneider's Dynamic Model of postcolonial English, focusing on extralinguistic factors, identity constructions, sociolinguistic determinants, and structural effects. Each parameter reveals how historical and social contexts shape language varieties in contact settings. Test your understanding of these crucial elements!
