Podcast
Questions and Answers
What phase of Schneider's dynamic model is Philippine English claimed to be in?
What phase of Schneider's dynamic model is Philippine English claimed to be in?
- Phase 2
- Phase 3 (correct)
- Phase 1
- Phase 4
Philippine English is exclusively recognized as phase 4 in Schneider's dynamic model.
Philippine English is exclusively recognized as phase 4 in Schneider's dynamic model.
False (B)
Who is the author of the article discussing Philippine English?
Who is the author of the article discussing Philippine English?
Ariane Macalinga Borlongan
The article was published in the journal titled ______.
The article was published in the journal titled ______.
Match the following elements with their corresponding details:
Match the following elements with their corresponding details:
When was the article 'Relocating Philippine English in Schneider’s dynamic model' published?
When was the article 'Relocating Philippine English in Schneider’s dynamic model' published?
The DOI of the article is 10.1080/13488678.2016.1223067.
The DOI of the article is 10.1080/13488678.2016.1223067.
What is the primary focus of the article written by Ariane Macalinga Borlongan?
What is the primary focus of the article written by Ariane Macalinga Borlongan?
What was a criticism of the two Acts related to the Philippines?
What was a criticism of the two Acts related to the Philippines?
Senator Claro M. Recto was supportive of the American policies in the Philippines.
Senator Claro M. Recto was supportive of the American policies in the Philippines.
Which notable event is referred to as 'Event X' in the context?
Which notable event is referred to as 'Event X' in the context?
The passage of the two Acts curtailing Filipino rights was thoughtless of the post-war situation in the __________.
The passage of the two Acts curtailing Filipino rights was thoughtless of the post-war situation in the __________.
Match the following individuals with their positions regarding American influence in the Philippines:
Match the following individuals with their positions regarding American influence in the Philippines:
Which statement reflects Schneider's view on colonized identity?
Which statement reflects Schneider's view on colonized identity?
The Acts were designed to benefit both Americans and Filipinos equally.
The Acts were designed to benefit both Americans and Filipinos equally.
What is a significant consequence mentioned about the relationship between colonized nations and their mother countries?
What is a significant consequence mentioned about the relationship between colonized nations and their mother countries?
What is suggested about English in relation to the Philippine community?
What is suggested about English in relation to the Philippine community?
Philippine literature in English is declining.
Philippine literature in English is declining.
Who is one notable Filipino writer whose works have received international acclaim?
Who is one notable Filipino writer whose works have received international acclaim?
The development of a Philippine English literary canon was done by __________.
The development of a Philippine English literary canon was done by __________.
What are the linguistic developments mentioned in relation to the new English in the Philippines?
What are the linguistic developments mentioned in relation to the new English in the Philippines?
The colonizers are still present in the contemporary society of the Philippines.
The colonizers are still present in the contemporary society of the Philippines.
What is documented regarding the substratal accents of Filipinos?
What is documented regarding the substratal accents of Filipinos?
Match the following authors or studies with their contributions:
Match the following authors or studies with their contributions:
What is the first phase described in Schneider's model of New Englishes?
What is the first phase described in Schneider's model of New Englishes?
Exonormative stabilization is the last phase in Schneider's model of New Englishes.
Exonormative stabilization is the last phase in Schneider's model of New Englishes.
What major event signifies the beginning of nativization in Schneider's model?
What major event signifies the beginning of nativization in Schneider's model?
In Schneider's model, the stage where local norms begin to emerge is called __________.
In Schneider's model, the stage where local norms begin to emerge is called __________.
Match each phase with its correct description:
Match each phase with its correct description:
What characterizes the process of lexical borrowing?
What characterizes the process of lexical borrowing?
At the foundation phase, only a minority of the indigenous population may become bilingual in English.
At the foundation phase, only a minority of the indigenous population may become bilingual in English.
What does Schneider refer to as 'Event X'?
What does Schneider refer to as 'Event X'?
What is the significance of the label 'X English' as per Schneider?
What is the significance of the label 'X English' as per Schneider?
Philippine English has no ongoing works towards codification.
Philippine English has no ongoing works towards codification.
Who conducted the pioneering work on Philippine English in 1969?
Who conducted the pioneering work on Philippine English in 1969?
Bautista and Butler’s dictionary laid the foundations before more extensive ________ analyses were performed.
Bautista and Butler’s dictionary laid the foundations before more extensive ________ analyses were performed.
Match the following scholars to their contributions regarding Philippine English:
Match the following scholars to their contributions regarding Philippine English:
Which English variant has been highlighted as one of the most well-documented Southeast Asian Englishes?
Which English variant has been highlighted as one of the most well-documented Southeast Asian Englishes?
Exonormative stabilization in grammar is poorly documented across time.
Exonormative stabilization in grammar is poorly documented across time.
What did the two inequitable Acts relate to as conjectured in the conclusion?
What did the two inequitable Acts relate to as conjectured in the conclusion?
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Study Notes
Schneider’s Dynamic Model of New Englishes
- Schneider proposes a dynamic model for the evolution of New Englishes, suggesting a shared process across different locations.
- The model identifies five phases: foundation, exonormative stabilization, nativization, endonormative stabilization, and differentiation.
- Foundation: Initial contact between English settlers and indigenous population, with limited English language contact for settlers and bilingualism emerging in some indigenous individuals.
- Exonormative stabilization: English gains official status in government and education, with norms from the settlers being adopted by the indigenous elite.
- Nativization: After political independence, variations and innovations appear across linguistic levels, including phonology, lexicon, grammar, and discourse.
- Endonormative Stabilization: Emerges post-"Event X", a defining moment signifying complete detachment from the mother country. Local norms gain acceptance, with codification through dictionaries and grammars being initiated.
Philippine English in Schneider’s Framework
- Philippine English is often viewed as transitioning from phase 3 (nativization) to phase 4 (endonormative stabilization) in Schneider’s model.
- The article argues for the existence of "Event X" in the Philippines, identifying the ratification of two inequitable Acts regarding post-war rehabilitation as the pivotal moment.
- The two Acts granted the United States extensive rights over Philippine resources, sparking a sense of disillusionment and detachment from the United States, triggering "Event X."
- The article stresses that the post-Event X period should be considered in understanding Philippine English's development, as these incidents contribute to the process of nativization and local identity formation.
Linguistic Evidence for Endonormative Stabilization in Philippine English
- The article notes the use of Filipino English as the preferred label, reflecting a shift towards a locally-defined identity.
- It highlights the flourishing of Philippine literature in English, showcasing the creativity and recognition of this variety of English.
- Linguistic studies have observed an increasing degree of stabilization and homogeneity in Philippine English, evident in areas like grammar and lexicon.
- Lexical and grammatical elements specific to Philippine English are increasingly documented and recognized, further supporting endonormative stabilization, a process where the language is actively codified and standardized based on local norms.
- The codification process is evident in the development of dictionaries and grammars specific to Philippine English.
- The article emphasizes the significant role of corpus linguistics research in analyzing the specific features and patterns of Philippine English, contributing to its codification and recognition as distinct.
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