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Schneider’s Dynamic Model of New Englishes
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Schneider’s Dynamic Model of New Englishes

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Questions and Answers

What phase of Schneider's dynamic model is Philippine English claimed to be in?

  • Phase 2
  • Phase 3 (correct)
  • Phase 1
  • Phase 4

    • Philippine English is exclusively recognized as phase 4 in Schneider's dynamic model.

    False

    Who is the author of the article discussing Philippine English?

    Ariane Macalinga Borlongan

    The article was published in the journal titled ______.

    <p>Asian Englishes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following elements with their corresponding details:

    <p>Ariane Macalinga Borlongan = Author of the article Schneider's dynamic model = Framework for language development Phase 3 = Current regarded phase of Philippine English University of Tokyo = Author's affiliated institution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was the article 'Relocating Philippine English in Schneider’s dynamic model' published?

    <p>October 2016</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The DOI of the article is 10.1080/13488678.2016.1223067.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the article written by Ariane Macalinga Borlongan?

    <p>Relocating Philippine English in Schneider’s dynamic model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a criticism of the two Acts related to the Philippines?

    <p>They favored the United States over Filipinos.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Senator Claro M. Recto was supportive of the American policies in the Philippines.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which notable event is referred to as 'Event X' in the context?

    <p>The colonized feeling of detachment from the mother country.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The passage of the two Acts curtailing Filipino rights was thoughtless of the post-war situation in the __________.

    <p>Philippines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following individuals with their positions regarding American influence in the Philippines:

    <p>Claro M. Recto = Nationalist critic of American policies Sergio Osmeña = Supporter of the Americans A.M. Borlongan = Historian on colonial loyalty Schneider = Historian on colonized detachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects Schneider's view on colonized identity?

    <p>The former colony feels a sense of isolation and abandonment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Acts were designed to benefit both Americans and Filipinos equally.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence mentioned about the relationship between colonized nations and their mother countries?

    <p>Detachment and a sense of isolation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested about English in relation to the Philippine community?

    <p>It is perceived as a Philippine language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Philippine literature in English is declining.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is one notable Filipino writer whose works have received international acclaim?

    <p>F. Sionil Jose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The development of a Philippine English literary canon was done by __________.

    <p>Gruenberg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the linguistic developments mentioned in relation to the new English in the Philippines?

    <p>Stabilization, homogeneity, and codification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The colonizers are still present in the contemporary society of the Philippines.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is documented regarding the substratal accents of Filipinos?

    <p>Homogenization of substratal accents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following authors or studies with their contributions:

    <p>Alberca = Documented homogenization of accents Gonzalez = Contributed to early Philippine English scholarship Borlongan &amp; Lim = Conducted recent corpus-based studies Santos = Discussed integrative motive in learning English</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first phase described in Schneider's model of New Englishes?

    <p>Foundation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exonormative stabilization is the last phase in Schneider's model of New Englishes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major event signifies the beginning of nativization in Schneider's model?

    <p>Political independence from the colonizers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Schneider's model, the stage where local norms begin to emerge is called __________.

    <p>endonormative stabilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each phase with its correct description:

    <p>Foundation = Initiates contact between settlers and indigenous people Nativization = Variations and innovations begin to appear Endonormative stabilization = Local norms start to emerge Differentiation = Final stage characterized by distinct local varieties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the process of lexical borrowing?

    <p>Incorporation of words from one language into another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At the foundation phase, only a minority of the indigenous population may become bilingual in English.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Schneider refer to as 'Event X'?

    <p>The event after which endonormative stabilization occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the label 'X English' as per Schneider?

    <p>It indicates a transition to phase 4.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Philippine English has no ongoing works towards codification.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who conducted the pioneering work on Philippine English in 1969?

    <p>Llamzon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bautista and Butler’s dictionary laid the foundations before more extensive ________ analyses were performed.

    <p>corpus-based grammatical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following scholars to their contributions regarding Philippine English:

    <p>Schneider = Predicted dictionaries come first before grammars Kachru = Discussed conceptualizing language use Bautista = Developed a pedagogical model Borlongan = Worked on an inventory of features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which English variant has been highlighted as one of the most well-documented Southeast Asian Englishes?

    <p>Philippine English</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exonormative stabilization in grammar is poorly documented across time.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the two inequitable Acts relate to as conjectured in the conclusion?

    <p>Post-war rehabilitation of the Philippines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Schneider’s Dynamic Model of New Englishes

    • Schneider proposes a dynamic model for the evolution of New Englishes, suggesting a shared process across different locations.
    • The model identifies five phases: foundation, exonormative stabilization, nativization, endonormative stabilization, and differentiation.
    • Foundation: Initial contact between English settlers and indigenous population, with limited English language contact for settlers and bilingualism emerging in some indigenous individuals.
    • Exonormative stabilization: English gains official status in government and education, with norms from the settlers being adopted by the indigenous elite.
    • Nativization: After political independence, variations and innovations appear across linguistic levels, including phonology, lexicon, grammar, and discourse.
    • Endonormative Stabilization: Emerges post-"Event X", a defining moment signifying complete detachment from the mother country. Local norms gain acceptance, with codification through dictionaries and grammars being initiated.

    Philippine English in Schneider’s Framework

    • Philippine English is often viewed as transitioning from phase 3 (nativization) to phase 4 (endonormative stabilization) in Schneider’s model.
    • The article argues for the existence of "Event X" in the Philippines, identifying the ratification of two inequitable Acts regarding post-war rehabilitation as the pivotal moment.
    • The two Acts granted the United States extensive rights over Philippine resources, sparking a sense of disillusionment and detachment from the United States, triggering "Event X."
    • The article stresses that the post-Event X period should be considered in understanding Philippine English's development, as these incidents contribute to the process of nativization and local identity formation.

    Linguistic Evidence for Endonormative Stabilization in Philippine English

    • The article notes the use of Filipino English as the preferred label, reflecting a shift towards a locally-defined identity.
    • It highlights the flourishing of Philippine literature in English, showcasing the creativity and recognition of this variety of English.
    • Linguistic studies have observed an increasing degree of stabilization and homogeneity in Philippine English, evident in areas like grammar and lexicon.
    • Lexical and grammatical elements specific to Philippine English are increasingly documented and recognized, further supporting endonormative stabilization, a process where the language is actively codified and standardized based on local norms.
    • The codification process is evident in the development of dictionaries and grammars specific to Philippine English.
    • The article emphasizes the significant role of corpus linguistics research in analyzing the specific features and patterns of Philippine English, contributing to its codification and recognition as distinct.

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    Related Documents

    Group-2_Article_Relocating-Philippine-English-in-Schneiders-Dynamic-Model-Borlongan-2016.pdf

    Description

    Explore Schneider's dynamic model that explains the evolution of New Englishes through five key phases. Understand how English interacts with indigenous languages and cultures over time, resulting in unique linguistic identities. This quiz covers foundational concepts and specific phases of the model.

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