Psychology Ch 1-5 & 11: Schizophrenia
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Questions and Answers

What class of medication is primarily used to treat symptoms of psychosis?

  • Mood-stabilizing drugs
  • MOAIs
  • Antidepressants
  • Antipsychotic drugs (correct)

    • Which side effect is commonly associated with conventional antipsychotics?

  • Erectile dysfunction
  • Dystonic reactions (correct)
  • Hyperreflexia
  • Weight gain

    • What is a major risk when combining MAOIs and SSRIs?

  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • Serotonin syndrome (correct)
  • Sedation
  • Weight loss

    • Which symptom is NOT a common side effect of SSRIs?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an appropriate management strategy for constipation caused by antipsychotic medication?

    <p>Exercise and dietary fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should SSRIs be administered to optimize their effectiveness?

    <p>In the morning as the first dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What chronic condition may develop due to the side effects of antipsychotic drugs?

    <p>Metabolic syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assessment should NOT be a priority for patients taking cyclic antidepressants?

    <p>Evaluating dietary interactions with tyramine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for gathering background information before meeting a client?

    <p>To understand the client's medications and needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a goal of therapeutic communication?

    <p>Facilitating client dependency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the nurse-client relationship is goal creation and direction established?

    <p>Exploitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major risk associated with the nurse-client relationship?

    <p>Developing inappropriate boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by congruent messages in nonverbal communication?

    <p>Verbal and nonverbal messages that agree with each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distance is considered most comfortable for therapeutic communication between a nurse and a client?

    <p>3 to 6 ft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must the nurse evaluate the use of touch in therapeutic communication?

    <p>Clients may have varying comfort levels with touch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of feelings should a nurse avoid foster in the client during a therapeutic relationship?

    <p>Sympathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of active listening in a therapeutic setting?

    <p>To concentrate solely on the patient's verbalizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes assertive communication?

    <p>Providing calm, specific, factual statements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of questions should be primarily used when initiating an assessment with a client?

    <p>Open-ended questions to encourage dialogue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a therapeutic communication session, what is key to establishing a successful client relationship?

    <p>Learning how the client prefers to be addressed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a nurse utilize directive communication?

    <p>When the client is confused or in crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes passive communication?

    <p>Withholding feelings and allowing others to dictate interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a therapeutic assessment, which of the following factors should the nurse assess?

    <p>The client's current emotional state and behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of responses can be anticipated when communication is ineffective?

    <p>Aggressive and passive-aggressive responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

    <p>Hallucinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom involves the patient exhibiting a lack of emotional expression?

    <p>Blunted affect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the phenomenon of rapidly jumping from one topic to another in conversation?

    <p>Flight of ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of symptoms are characterized as negative in schizophrenia?

    <p>Catatonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary criterion for diagnosing schizophrenia?

    <p>Onset of positive symptoms such as delusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms reflects an inability to concentrate or focus?

    <p>Inattention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is referred to as a fixed false belief that cannot be changed?

    <p>Delusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which negative symptom of schizophrenia is characterized by a lack of pleasure in life and activities?

    <p>Anhedonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes tangential thinking?

    <p>A disorganized thought process that shifts topics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach is recommended for handling anger in a healthcare setting?

    <p>Using time-out strategies to calm down and reflect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flight of ideas with broadcasting may indicate symptoms of which disorder?

    <p>Schizophrenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is transference in a therapeutic context?

    <p>Patient's feelings projected onto the staff.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapeutic communication technique involves providing feedback on the patient's comments?

    <p>Making observations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of therapeutic communication?

    <p>To establish relationships and mutual understanding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is NOT typically used in therapeutic communication?

    <p>Yelling to gain attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should time-out strategies be introduced to patients?

    <p>In a non-punitive way to promote effectiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mental Health Issues and Concerns

    • Revolving door phenomenon: patients with mental illness frequently go in and out of care settings without sustained improvement.

    Antipsychotic Drugs

    • Conventional/TYPICAL Antipsychotics: Traditional medications used primarily to manage symptoms of psychosis.
    • Atypical Antipsychotics: Newer agents that often have a better side effect profile and treat symptoms of psychosis.
    • Mechanism of Action: Primarily block dopamine receptors in the brain, reducing psychotic symptoms.
    • Common Side Effects:
      • EPS: Includes dystonic reactions, akathisia, and parkinsonism.
      • Anticholinergic Symptoms: Can lead to dry mouth, constipation, and urinary hesitancy.
      • Weight Gain: Notable side effect influencing adherence and health.
      • Metabolic Syndrome: Increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular issues.
      • Erectile Dysfunction: Affects quality of life and treatment adherence.
    • Client Teaching:
      • Importance of adherence to the medication regimen.
      • Strategies for managing side effects, including diet and hydration.
      • Guidance on actions for missed doses, ensuring continuity in treatment.

    Antidepressants

    • Tricyclic Antidepressants: Older class with a range of side effects.
    • SSRIs: Currently the most common antidepressants with a favorable side effect profile.
    • MAOIs: Effective but come with significant dietary restrictions and interactions.
    • Serotonin Syndrome: Dangerous condition can occur when MAOIs are combined with SSRIs, leading to severe symptoms like agitation and hyperreflexia.
    • Side Effects:
      • SSRIs: Include anxiety, insomnia, and sexual dysfunction.
      • Cyclic Antidepressants: Anticholinergic effects, orthostatic hypotension, and sedation.
      • MAOIs: Sedation, hypertensive crisis with tyramine-rich foods.
    • Client Teaching:
      • Timing of dosages: SSRIs typically taken in the morning, cyclic compounds at night.
      • Recommendations for managing missed doses, including adjustment according to time.

    Mood-Stabilizing Drugs

    • Nurses should gather comprehensive client background information to tailor care.
    • Establishing trust and therapeutic environments is essential for treatment efficacy.
    • Stages of therapeutic relationships:
      • Identification: Identifying client issues.
      • Exploitation: Collaborating on goals and directions for care.
      • Termination: Reviewing outcomes and resolving problems.

    Therapeutic Relationships

    • Avoid inappropriate boundaries that can lead to social or intimate connections.
    • Be aware of warning signs of relationship abuse to maintain professionalism.

    Verbal and Nonverbal Communication

    • Verbal: Focus on both content (words) and context (situation).
    • Nonverbal: Essential for conveying emotions and concepts; can be congruent or incongruent with verbal messages.

    Goals of Therapeutic Communication

    • Establish a supportive nurse-client relationship.
    • Recognize and address client needs effectively.
    • Facilitate emotional expression and self-care skills teaching.

    Therapeutic Communication Techniques

    • Active listening: crucial for understanding client concerns and preventing misinterpretation.
    • Build rapport through skilled questioning and open dialogue.
    • Techniques range from clarification to summarization, ensuring accurate communication and understanding.

    Assessment and Interviewing

    • Environment: Should be comfortable, safe, and free from distractions.
    • Comprehensive assessment includes history, appearance, behavior, and mood- affect observations.

    Symptoms of Schizophrenia

    • Positive Symptoms: Include delusions, hallucinations, and disordered thinking.
    • Negative Symptoms: Such as blunted affect, anhedonia, and social withdrawal, provide insight into the illness's impact on functioning.

    Course of Schizophrenia

    • Diagnosis begins with active positive symptoms; disorganized thinking complicates effective communication.

    Additional Techniques for Management

    • Time-Out for Anger: Allows patients to step back from triggering situations, encouraging self-control.
    • Assertive Communication: Allows expression of needs and emotions clearly without aggression or passivity.

    Therapeutic Communication Skills

    • Focus on building an effective therapeutic alliance through dialogue techniques and maintaining appropriate emotional distance from clients.
    • Understanding transference and countertransference dynamics is critical for providing effective support.

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    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts from chapters 1-5 and 11 of mental health, focusing on schizophrenia and the related antipsychotic drugs. It includes discussions on issues such as revolving door patients, types of antipsychotics, their mechanisms, and side effects. Review the provided charts for a deeper understanding of these critical topics.

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