Schizophrenia Overview and Treatment

True (A)

<p>Positive and negative symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Delusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cultural</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hallucinations = Positive Avolition = Negative Delusions = Positive Speech poverty = Negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Speech poverty refers to a significant reduction in the quantity or quality of speech, which may include reduced fluency, simplified language, and delayed verbal responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avolition = Difficulty initiating and maintaining goal-directed behavior Speech poverty = Significant reduction in quantity or quality of speech Delusions of grandeur = Exaggerated beliefs about one's importance or abilities Test-retest reliability = Consistency of diagnosis made by the same clinician on separate occasions Inter-rater reliability = Consistency of diagnosis between different clinicians for the same patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hallucinations are false perceptions of sensory stimuli, while delusions are false beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use of standardized assessment tools across different cultures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Somatic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cultural bias can affect inter-rater reliability because clinicians from different cultural backgrounds may interpret the same symptoms differently, potentially leading to inconsistent diagnoses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Afro-Caribbean</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MZ twins share 100% of their genes, while DZ twins share approximately 50%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concordance rate = The percentage of twin pairs in a study where both twins have the disorder Candidate gene = A gene that is thought to increase the risk of developing schizophrenia Polygenetic explanation = An explanation that suggests multiple genes contribute to the development of a disorder Meta-analysis = A statistical technique combining data from multiple studies to assess the overall effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A low activity variant of the COMT gene would lead to reduced breakdown of dopamine, resulting in increased dopamine levels. Excess dopamine activity has been linked to hallucinations, a symptom often experienced by individuals with schizophrenia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small sample sizes are frequently used (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The theory that schizophrenia is inherited through faulty genes from parents.

A candidate gene on chromosome 22 that affects dopamine breakdown in schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia arises from a complex interaction of multiple genes, not a single one.

Research comparing concordance rates of schizophrenia in identical vs. non-identical twins.

The percentage of twins sharing the same disorder, indicating genetic influence.

A review showing 48% concordance for MZ and 17% for DZ twins in schizophrenia.

Analysis questioning the genetic role in schizophrenia based on twin study data.

Higher levels of dopamine linked to hallucinations in schizophrenia patients.

Beliefs about one's exaggerated abilities or importance, like being famous.

Reduction in normal functioning, including avolition and speech poverty.

Significant reduction in the amount or quality of spoken words.

Difficulty in starting and maintaining goal-directed behavior.

Consistency of a diagnosis when assessed at different times.

Agreement between different clinicians diagnosing the same patient.

Differential treatment or diagnosis of ethnic groups based on cultural norms.

Culture bias affects the reliability of diagnosis and classification of schizophrenia.

A mental disorder affecting thought and perception, affecting 1% of the population.

Symptoms that add to normal functioning, such as hallucinations and delusions.

Unusual perceptions unique to the individual, not sensed by others.

Irrational beliefs that feel real but are false.

Type of delusion involving the belief of being persecuted or followed.

Symptoms can differ greatly in type and severity among individuals.