Podcast
Questions and Answers
A client with schizophrenia exhibits echolalia. Which of the following describes this behavior?
A client with schizophrenia exhibits echolalia. Which of the following describes this behavior?
- Diverging from the main topic during a conversation
- Jumbling words together in a nonsensical manner
- Repeating phrases or words spoken by others (correct)
- Creating new words that have no meaning to others
A nurse is caring for a client with schizophrenia who is experiencing auditory hallucinations. Which intervention is most appropriate?
A nurse is caring for a client with schizophrenia who is experiencing auditory hallucinations. Which intervention is most appropriate?
- Distract the client with reality-based activities, such as listening to music (correct)
- Engage the client in a debate about the reality of their perceptions
- Isolate the client to minimize external stimuli
- Reinforce the hallucinations by acknowledging their validity
A client with schizophrenia displays a flat affect and speaks in a monotone voice. How should the nurse document these findings?
A client with schizophrenia displays a flat affect and speaks in a monotone voice. How should the nurse document these findings?
- As negative symptoms of schizophrenia (correct)
- As signs of psychomotor agitation
- As indicators of disorganized thinking
- As positive symptoms of schizophrenia
A client with schizophrenia believes that the television is sending them secret messages. Which type of delusion is the client experiencing?
A client with schizophrenia believes that the television is sending them secret messages. Which type of delusion is the client experiencing?
A client with schizophrenia has been prescribed haloperidol. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following side effects?
A client with schizophrenia has been prescribed haloperidol. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following side effects?
A newly admitted client with schizophrenia is catatonic. Which nursing intervention should be prioritized?
A newly admitted client with schizophrenia is catatonic. Which nursing intervention should be prioritized?
A client with schizophrenia refuses to take oral medication, stating it is poison. Which of the following approaches is most therapeutic?
A client with schizophrenia refuses to take oral medication, stating it is poison. Which of the following approaches is most therapeutic?
A client with schizophrenia is experiencing avolition. Which statement best describes this symptom?
A client with schizophrenia is experiencing avolition. Which statement best describes this symptom?
When caring for a client with delusions, which of the following nursing interventions is most appropriate?
When caring for a client with delusions, which of the following nursing interventions is most appropriate?
A client with schizophrenia is prescribed risperidone. The nurse knows to monitor for which of the following metabolic side effects?
A client with schizophrenia is prescribed risperidone. The nurse knows to monitor for which of the following metabolic side effects?
A client with schizophrenia displays disorganized thinking and incoherent speech. What interventions should the nurse prioritize?
A client with schizophrenia displays disorganized thinking and incoherent speech. What interventions should the nurse prioritize?
Which statement accurately describes the etiology of schizophrenia?
Which statement accurately describes the etiology of schizophrenia?
A client with schizophrenia is being discharged on long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotic medication. What is the primary benefit of LAI medication?
A client with schizophrenia is being discharged on long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotic medication. What is the primary benefit of LAI medication?
A client with schizophrenia exhibits asociality. Which of the following behaviors is most consistent with this symptom?
A client with schizophrenia exhibits asociality. Which of the following behaviors is most consistent with this symptom?
When assessing a client with schizophrenia, which of the following findings would indicate the presence of a positive symptom?
When assessing a client with schizophrenia, which of the following findings would indicate the presence of a positive symptom?
A client with schizophrenia is experiencing psychomotor agitation. Which of the following interventions is least appropriate?
A client with schizophrenia is experiencing psychomotor agitation. Which of the following interventions is least appropriate?
A client with schizophrenia is exhibiting tangentiality. Which of the following describes this behavior?
A client with schizophrenia is exhibiting tangentiality. Which of the following describes this behavior?
What is the primary nursing priority when establishing a therapeutic relationship with a client with schizophrenia?
What is the primary nursing priority when establishing a therapeutic relationship with a client with schizophrenia?
Which of the following statements best describes the role of dopamine in schizophrenia?
Which of the following statements best describes the role of dopamine in schizophrenia?
A client with schizophrenia is experiencing anhedonia. How might this symptom manifest?
A client with schizophrenia is experiencing anhedonia. How might this symptom manifest?
A nurse is providing education to a client with schizophrenia who is starting treatment with olanzapine. Which of the following side effects should the nurse emphasize?
A nurse is providing education to a client with schizophrenia who is starting treatment with olanzapine. Which of the following side effects should the nurse emphasize?
A client with schizophrenia is experiencing delusions of control. Which statement might the client make?
A client with schizophrenia is experiencing delusions of control. Which statement might the client make?
A client with schizophrenia is experiencing a “word salad”. Which of the following describes this speech pattern?
A client with schizophrenia is experiencing a “word salad”. Which of the following describes this speech pattern?
A client with schizophrenia has been non-adherent with their medication regimen. Which of the following interventions may be most beneficial?
A client with schizophrenia has been non-adherent with their medication regimen. Which of the following interventions may be most beneficial?
A client with schizophrenia is pacing and exhibits signs of increasing agitation. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?
A client with schizophrenia is pacing and exhibits signs of increasing agitation. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?
Which of the following is an example of therapeutic communication when interacting with a client experiencing delusions?
Which of the following is an example of therapeutic communication when interacting with a client experiencing delusions?
A client with schizophrenia is hospitalized. Which of the following interventions is most important in reducing the risk of suicidal or homicidal ideation?
A client with schizophrenia is hospitalized. Which of the following interventions is most important in reducing the risk of suicidal or homicidal ideation?
A client with schizophrenia is prescribed aripiprazole. The nurse should educate the client about the risk of which potential side effect?
A client with schizophrenia is prescribed aripiprazole. The nurse should educate the client about the risk of which potential side effect?
Which of the following nursing interventions is most appropriate for a client experiencing command hallucinations ?
Which of the following nursing interventions is most appropriate for a client experiencing command hallucinations ?
Flashcards
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia
A complex psychiatric disorder where the client struggles to interpret reality.
Hallucinations
Hallucinations
False sensory experiences experienced with no external stimuli.
Delusions
Delusions
Irrational beliefs that are firmly held despite evidence to the contrary.
Grandiose delusions
Grandiose delusions
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Delusion of reference
Delusion of reference
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Delusions of control
Delusions of control
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Neologism
Neologism
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Tangentiality
Tangentiality
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Word Salad
Word Salad
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Echolalia
Echolalia
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Catatonia
Catatonia
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Apathy
Apathy
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Avolition
Avolition
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Asociality
Asociality
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Affective Flattening
Affective Flattening
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Anhedonia
Anhedonia
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Alogia
Alogia
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Study Notes
- Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder, impacting a client's ability to interpret and interact with reality.
- Schizophrenia may arise from a combination of genetics, environmental factors, and brain chemistry.
- Dopamine levels play a large role in schizophrenia.
- Too much dopamine can cause positive symptoms, affecting the limbic part of the brain.
- Too little dopamine can cause negative emotions, affecting the prefrontal cortex.
Clinical Features of Schizophrenia
- Positive symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thoughts/incoherent speech, disorganized/agitated behavior, and psychomotor slowing or agitation.
- Negative symptoms include apathy, avolition, asociality, affective flattening, anhedonia, and alogia.
Positive Symptoms
- Hallucinations involve false sensory experiences, such as tactile, visual, auditory, or olfactory.
- Delusions are irrational beliefs, which can manifest as grandiose delusions, delusions of reference, or delusions of control.
- Disorganized thoughts or incoherent speech is characterized by a lack of logical flow.
- Neologism involves making up new words.
- Tangentiality involves digressing from the main topic.
- Word Salad involves jumbling words with no meaning.
- Echolalia involves repeating phrases or words.
- Catatonia involves being immobile, assuming peculiar postures, and being unresponsive.
Negative Symptoms
- Apathy is a lack of interest, shown by poor hygiene or eating habits.
- Avolition is a lack of motivation.
- Asociality is social withdrawal with comfort in being alone.
- Affective flattening is empty or monotone speech.
- Anhedonia is an inability to experience pleasure.
- Alogia is a lack of speech.
Treatment for Schizophrenia
- Antipsychotics are used to manage positive symptoms.
- First Generation/Typical antipsychotics, such as haloperidol, can cause excessive movement as a side effect.
- Second Generation/Atypical antipsychotics, such as risperidone, olanzapine, and aripiprazole, can cause weight gain as a side effect.
- Long-acting injectables improve adherence and outcomes.
Nursing Interventions for Schizophrenia
- Prioritize establishing trust by emphasizing honesty and consistency.
- Use frequent, short interactions, be ready to sit quietly with the client, inform before touching, balance a neutral approach, give clear step-by-step explanations, and start activities one-on-one before transitioning to small groups.
Nursing Interventions for Hallucinations
- Monitor cues, directly ask about the content, monitor anxiety and agitation, reduce stimuli, provide distractions like music, explain the difference between real and unreal, and assess for suicidal or homicidal thoughts.
Nursing Interventions for Delusions
- Use therapeutic communication, avoid arguing, shift conversations to reality-based topics, use prepackaged foods, open medication in front of the client, check the mouth and palms after medication administration, and use positive reinforcement.
Nursing Interventions for Negative Symptoms
- Use social skills training, assess how ready the client is to engage with others, and prioritize fluid and nutrition in a catatonic state.
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